ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2003
Escherichia coli ghost production by expression of lysis gene E and Staphylococcal nuclease.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nucleases and Their Inhibitors: Exploring Biological Roles, Industrial Applications, and Challenges in Heterologous Expression.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Bacterial ghosts (BGs): A promising approach as candidate vaccine.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Protective Immunity againstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Design, development, and evaluation of the efficacy of a nucleic acid-free version of a bacterial ghost candidate vaccine against avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) O78:K80 serotype.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Use of a model to understand the synergies underlying the antibacterial mechanism of HScientific reports · 2020Article
- Potential of Bacteriocins fromToxins · 2020Article
- A novel autolysis system for extracellular production and direct immobilization of a phospholipase D fused with cellulose binding domain.BMC biotechnology · 2019Article
- Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Properties of Bacterial Ghosts to Boost the Anti-mycobacterial Protective Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- A novel protocol for bacterial ghosts' preparation using tween 80.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2018Article
- Bacterial ghost of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) serotype O78:K80 as a homologous vaccine against avian colibacillosis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Functional display of ice nucleation protein InaZ on the surface of bacterial ghosts.Bioengineered · 2017Article
- Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants: mechanisms and potential.Veterinary research · 2017Review
- Improved lysis efficiency and immunogenicity of Salmonella ghosts mediated by co-expression of λ phage holin-endolysin and ɸX174 gene E.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Characterization of Chemically-Induced Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) Using Sodium Hydroxide-Induced Vibrio parahaemolyticus Ghosts (VPGs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Bacterial Ghosts of Escherichia coli Drive Efficient Maturation of Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.PloS one · 2015Article
- Plackett-Burman randomization method for Bacterial Ghosts preparation form E. coli JM109.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2014Article
- Evaluation the surface antigen of the Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 ghosts prepared by "SLRP".TheScientificWorldJournal · 2014Article
- Article
- Sponge-like: a new protocol for preparing bacterial ghosts.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2013Article
- Bacteriophage endolysins as novel antimicrobials.Future microbiology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The production of bacterial ghosts from Escherichia coli is accomplished by the controlled expression of phage phiX174 lysis gene E and, in contrast to other gram-negative bacterial species, is accompanied by the rare detection of nonlysed, reproductive cells within the ghost preparation. To overcome this problem, the expression of a secondary killing gene was suggested to give rise to the complete genetic inactivation of the bacterial samples. The expression of staphylococcal nuclease A in E. coli resulted in intracellular accumulation of the protein and degradation of the host DNA into fragments shorter than 100 bp. Two expression systems for the nuclease are presented and were combined with the protein E-mediated lysis system. Under optimized conditions for the coexpression of gene E and the staphylococcal nuclease, the concentration of viable cells fell below the lower limit of detection, whereas the rates of ghost formation were not affected. With regard to the absence of reproductive cells from the ghost fractions, the reduction of viability could be determined as being at least 7 to 8 orders of magnitude. The lysis process was characterized by electrophoretic analysis and absolute quantification of the genetic material within the cells and the culture supernatant via real-time PCR. The ongoing degradation of the bacterial nucleic acids resulted in a continuous quantitative clearance of the genetic material associated with the lysing cells until the concentrations fell below the detection limits of either assay. No functional, released genetic units (genes) were detected within the supernatant during the lysis process, including nuclease expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.