ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2003
Absorption enhancers for nasal drug delivery.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intranasal sufentanil/midazolam versus ketamine/midazolam for analgesia/sedation in the pediatric population prior to undergoing multiple dental extractions under general anesthesia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison.Anesthesia progress · 2004Trial
- Formulation considerations in enhancing olfactory mucosal deposition for nose-to-brain drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Ketamine persists within neuronal compartments long after systemic clearance.Research square · 2026Article
- Baicalein-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Nasal Thermosensitive Hydrogel: Bioavailability Improvement and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intranasal Administration of KCNN2 Blocking Peptide Improves Deficits in Cognitive Flexibility in Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Smart nanocarriers for cancer: harnessing exosomes and lipid systems in photodynamic and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Research progress on intranasal treatment for Parkinson's disease.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2024Review
- Recent Progress in the Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins: Overview of Pharmaceutical Strategies to Overcome Absorption Hurdles.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Preparation and Evaluation of theCurrent drug delivery · 2024Article
- Optimizing immunogenicity and product presentation of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine composition: effects of delivery route, heterologous regimens with self-amplifying RNA vaccines, and lyophilization.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Ion-activatedRecent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2024Article
- Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer's Disease Management.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Intranasal delivery of full-length anti-Nogo-A antibody: A potential alternative route for therapeutic antibodies to central nervous system targets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Protein transduction domain of translationally controlled tumor protein: characterization and application in drug delivery.Drug delivery · 2022Review
- Development of In Vitro Evaluation System for Assessing Drug Dissolution Considering Physiological Environment in Nasal Cavity.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- From Small Peptides to Large Proteins against Alzheimer'sDisease.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Multiple Roles of Chitosan in Mucosal Drug Delivery: An Updated Review.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Nasal vaccine as a booster shot: a viable solution to restrict pandemic?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
- Intranasal drug delivery: opportunities and toxicologic challenges during drug development.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper describes the basic concepts for the transmucosal delivery of drugs, and in particular the use of the nasal route for delivery of challenging drugs such as polar low-molecular-weight drugs and peptides and proteins. Strategies for the exploitation of absorption enhancers for the improvement of nasal delivery are discussed, including consideration of mechanisms of action and the correlation between toxic effect and absorption enhancement. Selected enhancer systems, such as cyclodextrins, phospholipids, bioadhesive powder systems and chitosan, are discussed in detail. Examples of the use of these enhancers in preclinical and clinical studies are given. Methods for assessing irritancy and damage to the nasal membrane from the use of absorption enhancers are also described. Finally, the mucosal use of absorption enhancers (chitosan) for the improved nasal delivery of vaccines is reported with reference to recent phase I/II clinical studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
14531723What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.