Trial reportJournal of virology2003
Productive infection maintains a dynamic steady state of residual viremia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons treated with suppressive antiretroviral therapy for five years.
Trial report in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.eLife · 2026Trial
- Trial
- A randomized, controlled trial of raltegravir intensification in antiretroviral-treated, HIV-infected patients with a suboptimal CD4+ T cell response.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- Trial
- The effect of raltegravir intensification on low-level residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2010Trial
- ART suppresses plasma HIV-1 RNA to a stable set point predicted by pretherapy viremia.PLoS pathogens · 2007Trial
- A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of abacavir intensification in HIV-1-infected adults with virologic suppression on a protease inhibitor-containing regimen.HIV clinical trialsTrial
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Clonal heterogeneity and antigenic stimulation shape persistence of the latent reservoir of HIV.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Low-Level Viremia and Immune Activation after Switching to a Darunavir-Based Regimen.Viruses · 2024Observational
- Assessing the Variability of Cell-Associated HIV DNA Quantification through a Multicenter Collaborative Study.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Review
- Persistent low-Level viremia in persons living with HIV undertreatment: An unresolved status.Virulence · 2021Review
- Expanded cellular clones carrying replication-competent HIV-1 persist, wax, and wane.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Single-molecule techniques to quantify and genetically characterise persistent HIV.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Reduced adherence to antiretroviral therapy is associated with residual low-level viremia.Pragmatic and observational research · 2017Article
- Total HIV-1 DNA, a Marker of Viral Reservoir Dynamics with Clinical Implications.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- Prolonged persistence of a novel replication-defective HIV-1 variant in plasma of a patient on suppressive therapy.Virology journal · 2016Article
- Thromboelastography on plasma reveals delayed clot formation and accelerated clot lyses in HIV-1 infected persons compared with healthy controls.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Potential implication of residual viremia in patients on effective antiretroviral therapy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To provide insight into the dynamics and source of residual viremia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy, 14 intensely monitored patients treated with indinavir and efavirenz sustaining HIV RNA at <50 copies/ml for >5 years were studied. Abacavir was added to the regimen of eight patients at year 5. After the first 9 months of therapy, HIV RNA levels had reached a plateau ("residual viremia") that persisted for over 5 years. Levels of residual viremia differed among patients and ranged from 3.2 to 23 HIV RNA copies/ml. Baseline HIV DNA was the only significant pretreatment predictor of residual viremia in regression models including baseline HIV RNA, CD4 count, and patient age. In the four of five patients with detectable viremia who added abacavir to their regimen after 5 years, HIV RNA levels declined rapidly. The estimated half-life of infected cells was 6.7 days. Decrease in activated memory cells and a reduction in gamma interferon production to HIV Gag and p24 antigen in ELISpot assays were observed, consistent with a decrease in HIV replication. Thus, in patients treated with efavirenz plus indinavir, levels of residual viremia were established by 9 months, were predicted by baseline proviral DNA, and remained constant for 5 years. Even after years of highly suppressive therapy, HIV RNA levels declined rapidly after the addition of abacavir, suggesting that productive infection contributes to residual ongoing viremia and can be inhibited with therapy intensification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.