ArticleJournal of virology2003
Mutations in the 5' end of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract affect RNase H cleavage specificity and virus titer.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 3΄ polypurine tract mutations and integrase inhibitor resistance.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Review
- Elucidating the mechanism by which HIV-1 nucleocapsid mutations confer resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Mechanism by Which HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mutations Confer Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 3'-Polypurine Tract Mutations Confer Dolutegravir Resistance by Switching to an Integration-Independent Replication Mechanism via 1-LTR Circles.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Identification of an integrase-independent pathway of retrotransposition.Science advances · 2022Article
- Article
- The fourth central polypurine tract guides the synthesis of prototype foamy virus plus-strand DNA.Virus genes · 2017Article
- SiRNA-induced mutation in HIV-1 polypurine tract region and its influence on viral fitness.PloS one · 2015Article
- Recent findings on the mechanisms involved in tenofovir resistance.Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy · 2014Review
- Multiple nucleotide preferences determine cleavage-site recognition by the HIV-1 and M-MuLV RNases H.Journal of molecular biology · 2010Article
- Integration of rous sarcoma virus DNA: a CA dinucleotide is not required for integration of the U3 end of viral DNA.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- The effects of alternate polypurine tracts (PPTs) and mutations of sequences adjacent to the PPT on viral replication and cleavage specificity of the Rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- RNase H activity: structure, specificity, and function in reverse transcription.Virus research · 2008Review
- Mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract (PPT) reduce the rate of PPT cleavage and plus-strand DNA synthesis.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Purine analog substitution of the HIV-1 polypurine tract primer defines regions controlling initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis.Nucleic acids research · 2007Article
- Alternate polypurine tracts affect rous sarcoma virus integration in vivo.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Mutations in the U5 sequences adjacent to the primer binding site do not affect tRNA cleavage by rous sarcoma virus RNase H but do cause aberrant integrations in vivo.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Alternate polypurine tracts (PPTs) affect the rous sarcoma virus RNase H cleavage specificity and reveal a preferential cleavage following a GA dinucleotide sequence at the PPT-U3 junction.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Effect of polypurine tract (PPT) mutations on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication: a virus with a completely randomized PPT retains low infectivity.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Effects of mutations in the G tract of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract on virus replication and RNase H cleavage.Journal of virology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The RNase H activity of retroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs) degrades viral genomic RNA after it has been copied into DNA, removes the tRNA used to initiate negative-strand DNA synthesis, and generates and removes the polypurine tract (PPT) primer used to initiate positive-strand DNA synthesis. The cleavages that remove the tRNA and that generate and remove the PPT primer must be specific to generate linear viral DNAs with ends that are appropriate for integration into the host cell genome. The crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT in a complex with an RNA/DNA duplex derived from the PPT revealed that the 5' end of the PPT deviates from traditional Watson-Crick base pairing. This unusual structure may play a role in the proper recognition of the PPT by HIV-1 RT. We made substitution mutations in the 5' end of the PPT and determined their effects on virus titer. The results indicated that single and double mutations in the 5' end of the PPT had modest effects on virus replication in a single-cycle assay. More complex mutations had stronger effects on virus titer. Analysis of the two-long-terminal-repeat circle junctions derived from infecting cells with the mutant viruses indicated that the mutations affected RNase H activity, resulting in the retention of PPT sequences on viral DNA. The mutants tested preferentially retained specific segments of the PPT, suggesting an effect on cleavage specificity. These results suggest that structural features of the PPT are important for its recognition and cleavage in vivo.
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