ArticleThe Journal of physiology2003
Free magnesium concentration in salamander photoreceptor outer segments.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The rectification of heterotypic Cx46/Cx50 gap junction channels depends on intracellular magnesium.Biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Putative retina metal/metalloid-binding proteins: molecular functions, biological processes and retina disease associations.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2024Article
- Structural basis of retinal membrane guanylate cyclase regulation by GCAP1 and RD3.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Regulation of retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC) by negative calcium feedback and RD3 protein.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- Structural Insights into Retinal Guanylate Cyclase Activator Proteins (GCAPs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Retinal guanylyl cyclase activation by calcium sensor proteins mediates photoreceptor degeneration in anThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- A G86R mutation in the calcium-sensor protein GCAP1 alters regulation of retinal guanylyl cyclase and causes dominant cone-rod degeneration.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 contributes to phototransduction and light adaptation in mouse cone photoreceptors.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- The R838S Mutation in Retinal Guanylyl Cyclase 1 (RetGC1) Alters Calcium Sensitivity of cGMP Synthesis in the Retina and Causes Blindness in Transgenic Mice.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Structural insights into activation of the retinal L-type Ca²⁺ channel (Cav1.4) by Ca²⁺-binding protein 4 (CaBP4).The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Molecular determinants of magnesium-dependent synaptic plasticity at electrical synapses formed by connexin36.Nature communications · 2014Article
- Membrane guanylyl cyclase complexes shape the photoresponses of retinal rods and cones.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2014Review
- Structural diversity of neuronal calcium sensor proteins and insights for activation of retinal guanylyl cyclase by GCAP1.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2014Review
- Ca(2+)-sensors and ROS-GC: interlocked sensory transduction elements: a review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2012Article
- Enzymatic properties and regulation of the native isozymes of retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC) from mouse photoreceptors.Biochemistry · 2011Article
- Preparation of living isolated vertebrate photoreceptor cells for fluorescence imaging.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2011Article
- A functional kinase homology domain is essential for the activity of photoreceptor guanylate cyclase 1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- Mg2+/Ca2+ cation binding cycle of guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs): role in regulation of photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2010Review
- Ca(2+)-modulated vision-linked ROS-GC guanylate cyclase transduction machinery.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2010Review
- Effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, and myristoylation on guanylyl cyclase activating protein 1 structure and stability.Biochemistry · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an important role in biochemical functions. In vertebrate photoreceptor outer segments, numerous reactions utilize MgGTP and MgATP, and Mg2+ also regulates several of the phototransduction enzymes. Although Mg2+ can pass through light-sensitive channels under certain conditions, no clear extrusion mechanism has been identified and removing extracellular Mg2+ has no significant effect on the light sensitivity or the kinetics of the photoresponse. We have used the fluorescent Mg2+ dye Furaptra to directly measure and monitor the free Mg2+ concentration in photoreceptor outer segments and examine whether the free Mg2+ concentration changes under physiological conditions. Resting free Mg2+ concentrations in bleached salamander rod and cone photoreceptor cell outer segments were 0.86 +/- 0.06 and 0.81 +/- 0.09 mM, respectively. The outer segment free Mg2+ concentration was not significantly affected by changes in extracellular pH, Ca2+ and Na+, excluding a significant role for the respective exchangers in the regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis. The resting free Mg2+ concentration was also not significantly affected by exposure to 0 Mg2+, suggesting the lack of significant basal Mg2+ flux. Opening the cGMP-gated channels led to a significant increase in the Mg2+ concentration in the absence of Na+ and Ca2+, but not in their presence, indicating that depolarization can cause a significant Mg2+ influx only in the absence of other permeant ions, but not under physiological conditions. Finally, light stimulation did not change the Mg2+ concentration in the outer segments of dark-adapted photoreceptors. The results suggest that there are no influx and efflux pathways that can significantly affect the Mg2+ concentration in the outer segment under physiological conditions. Therefore, it is unlikely that Mg2+ plays a significant role in the dynamic modulation of phototransduction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.