ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Mechanisms of variable p44 expression by Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Insights into the mechanism regulating the differential expression of the P28-OMP outer membrane proteins in obligatory intracellular pathogenEmerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Detecting and characterizing mixed infections with genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by developing an ankA cluster-specific nested PCR.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum--a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2013Review
- Mechanisms of obligatory intracellular infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2011Review
- Neorickettsia risticii surface-exposed proteins: proteomics identification, recognition by naturally-infected horses, and strain variations.Veterinary research · 2011Article
- Cloning of the major outer membrane protein expression locus in Anaplasma platys and seroreactivity of a species-specific antigen.Journal of bacteriology · 2011Article
- Global proteomic analysis of two tick-borne emerging zoonotic agents: anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2011Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis: subversive manipulators of host cells.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2010Review
- Generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: Evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in Anaplasma marginale.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Diversity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2009Article
- Differential expression and glycosylation of anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 2 paralogs during cultivation in sialyl Lewis x-deficient host cells.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum MSP2(P44)-18 predominates and is modified into multiple isoforms in human myeloid cells.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum p44 mRNA expression is differentially regulated in mammalian and tick host cells: involvement of the DNA binding protein ApxR.Journal of bacteriology · 2007Article
- Identification of novel surface proteins of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by affinity purification and proteomics.Journal of bacteriology · 2007Article
- T-Cell-independent humoral immunity is sufficient for protection against fatal intracellular ehrlichia infection.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Proteomic identification of a novel Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA binding protein that regulates a putative transcription factor.Journal of bacteriology · 2007Article
- Porin activity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum outer membrane fraction and purified P44.Journal of bacteriology · 2007Article
- Structure of the expression site reveals global diversity in MSP2 (P44) variants in Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human intragranulocytic bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum promotes variation of P44s, which are surface-exposed proteins encoded by a p44 multigene family. In the present study, the specific p44 gene expression loci in four strains of A. phagocytophilum were identified and it was determined that each consisted of four tandem genes, tr1, omp-1X, omp-1N, and p44. A putative sigma(70)-type promoter was found upstream of tr1. The p44 genes include a central hypervariable region flanked by conserved regions. The hypervariable region sequence in the p44 expression locus was duplicated and, regardless of the expression status, conserved at another locus in both low- and high-passage cell cultures of strain NY-37. No significant differences in the hypervariable region were found when we compared p44 sequences, at the level of cDNA, within the expression locus and within other loci in the genomes of strains NY-37 and HZ. Similarly, in cDNA isolated from patients and from assorted cultures of strains NY-31, NY-36, and NY-37, hypervariable regions of 450 deduced amino acid sequences of various p44s within each strain were found to be identical, as were those of p44 sequences in the genome of strain HZ. These data suggest that variations in p44 sequences at the level of the p44 expression locus occur through unidirectional conversion of the entire (nonsegmental) p44 hypervariable region including flanking regions with a corresponding sequence copied from one of the conserved donor p44 genomic loci. The data suggest that the P44 antigenic repertoire within the hypervariable region is restricted.
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