ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1992
Newly assembled microtubules are concentrated in the proximal and distal regions of growing axons.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1992. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wnt7b Promotes Axon Differentiation and Extension by Regulating JNK-Mediated Cytoskeletal Dynamics.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Microtubule-associated protein tau in murine kidney: role in podocyte architecture.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Cytoskeletal regulation guides neuronal trafficking to effectively supply the synapse.Current biology : CB · 2021Review
- The Roles of Microtubules and Membrane Tension in Axonal Beading, Retraction, and Atrophy.Biophysical journal · 2019Article
- TheJournal of developmental biology · 2017Article
- Rab35 Functions in Axon Elongation Are Regulated by P53-Related Protein Kinase in a Mechanism That Involves Rab35 Protein Degradation and the Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Article
- Neurodegeneration and microtubule dynamics: death by a thousand cuts.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2015Review
- Sirt1 promotes axonogenesis by deacetylation of Akt and inactivation of GSK3.Molecular neurobiology · 2013Article
- A patient-derived stem cell model of hereditary spastic paraplegia with SPAST mutations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2013Article
- A novel role for doublecortin and doublecortin-like kinase in regulating growth cone microtubules.Human molecular genetics · 2012Article
- Neurofilaments are flexible polymers that often fold and unfold, but they move in a fully extended configuration.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2012Article
- Anti-obesity sodium tungstate treatment triggers axonal and glial plasticity in hypothalamic feeding centers.PloS one · 2012Article
- GSK3-mediated instability of tubulin polymers is responsible for the failure of immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes to polarize their MTOC in response to TCR stimulation.International immunology · 2011Article
- The emerging role of forces in axonal elongation.Progress in neurobiology · 2011Review
- Kidins220/ARMS modulates the activity of microtubule-regulating proteins and controls neuronal polarity and development.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- Doublecortin associates with microtubules preferentially in regions of the axon displaying actin-rich protrusive structures.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2009Article
- Dendrites differ from axons in patterns of microtubule stability and polymerization during development.Neural development · 2009Article
- In vivo assay of presynaptic microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics in Drosophila.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2007Article
- Signaling networks in neuronal polarization.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2006Review
- Distinct roles of doublecortin modulating the microtubule cytoskeleton.The EMBO journal · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have investigated the sites of microtubule (MT) assembly in neurons during axon growth by taking advantage of the relationship between the proportion of tyrosinated alpha-tubulin (tyr-tubulin) in MTs and their age. Specifically, young (newly assembled) MTs contain more tyr-tubulin than older (more long-lived) MTs. To quantify the relative proportion of tyr-tubulin in MTs, cultured rat sympathetic neurons were permeabilized under conditions that stabilize existing MTs and remove unassembled tubulin. The MTs were then double-stained with antibodies to tyr-tubulin (as a measure of the amount of tyr-tubulin in MTs) and to beta-tubulin (as a measure of total MT mass), using immunofluorescence procedures. Cells were imaged with a cooled charge-coupled device camera and the relative proportion of tyr-tubulin in the MTs was quantified by computing the ratio of the tyr-tubulin fluorescence to the beta-tubulin fluorescence using a novel application of digital image processing and analysis techniques. The amount of tyr-tubulin in the MTs was highest in the cell body and at the growth cone; peak ratios in these two regions were approximately 10-fold higher than for the axon shaft. Moving out from the cell body into the axon, the tyr-tubulin content declined over an average distance of 40 microns to reach a constant low value within the axon shaft and then rose again more distally, over an average distance of 110 microns, to reach a peak at the growth cone (average axon length = 358 microns). These observations indicate that newly assembled MTs are concentrated in the proximal and distal regions of growing axons and therefore that the cell body and growth cone are the most active sites of MT assembly dynamics in neurons that are actively extending axons.
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