Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology1992
Effect of cigarette smoking and of a transdermal nicotine delivery system on glucoregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Trial report in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1992. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy.Archives of toxicology · 2017Pooled it
- Interaction between heavy smoking and CYP2A6 genotypes on type 2 diabetes and its possible pathways.European journal of endocrinology · 2011Trial
- Article
- Global risk factors, epidemiology, and disease burden of type 2 diabetes.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Conceptual Overview of Prevalence of Prediabetes.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Molecular Changes in Cells of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on Changes in Glycemia Level in the Context of Lifestyle-An Overview of the Latest Scientific Discoveries.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Impact of stopping smoking on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review.World journal of diabetes · 2022Article
- Passive Smoking and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Nonsmoking Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Electronic Cigarette Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentration as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Metabolic Disease.Nutrients · 2021Review
- From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2017Review
- Article
- The effect of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies on pancreatic beta cell function.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2012Article
- Lower leptin levels in young non-obese male smokers than non-smokers.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2009Article
- Increase of formation of methylamine and formaldehyde in vivo after administration of nicotine and the potential cytotoxicity.Neurochemical research · 1998Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of nicotine absorbed transdermally from a patch (TNS) and from cigarette smoking on insulin secretion and action in Type 2 diabetes has been compared. Twelve Type 2 diabetic smoking patients, aged 51 y, with diabetes for 9 y, treated either with diet and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents, were studied on three occasions, according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. The subjects were investigated 12 h after their last cigarette or application of one patch of TNS 30 cm2 or TNS placebo, or whilst smoking their usual cigarette. Insulin secretion was assessed by a glucagon (1 mg IV) stimulation test. On a second occasion, insulin action was assessed by a hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, the spontaneous hyperglycaemia of the fasting state (8.61 mmol.l-1) being maintained during a 4 h insulin infusion (at 0.1 mU.kg-1.min-1 for the initial 2 h, and 1 mU.kg-1.min-1 during the last 2 h). TNS and the cigarette did not affect endogenous insulin secretion as compared to placebo. During the initial 2 h of the clamp study, plasma insulin increased from 88 to 155 pmol.l-1, hepatic glucose production (3-3H-glucose) was less suppressed after TNS (4.31 mumol.kg-1.min-1) than after placebo (2.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1), but was more suppressed than after cigarette smoking (5.61 mumol.kg-1.min-1). In the last 2 h of the clamp (plasma insulin 646 pmol.l-1), glucose utilization was less stimulated after TNS (36.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1) vs placebo (39.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1), but more than after cigarette smoking (33.6 mumol.kg-1.min-1), primarily because of a decrease in glucose storage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.