ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2003
Gangliosides that associate with lipid rafts mediate transport of cholera and related toxins from the plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulm.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholera toxin as a model ABArchives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Imaging and Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Quantum Dot Trafficking in Live Cells by Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- A multiplexed targeted method for profiling of serum gangliosides and glycosphingolipids: application to GM2-gangliosidosis.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- IRE1α recognizes a structural motif in cholera toxin to activate an unfolded protein response.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Methodological Pitfalls of Investigating Lipid Rafts in the Brain: What Are We Still Missing?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Antibody binding reports spatial heterogeneities in cell membrane organization.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The ganglioside GM1a functions as a coreceptor/attachment factor for dengue virus during infection.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- α/β-Peptides as Nanomolar Triggers of Lipid Raft-Mediated Endocytosis through GM1 Ganglioside Recognition.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Depletion of the apical endosome in response to viruses and bacterial toxins provides cell-autonomous host defense at mucosal surfaces.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
- Cholera Toxin as a Probe for Membrane Biology.Toxins · 2021Review
- Therapeutic Uses of Bacterial Subunit Toxins.Toxins · 2021Review
- Lipid Raft Association Stabilizes VEGF Receptor 2 in Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Harnessing the Membrane Translocation Properties of AB Toxins for Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2021Review
- Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells as a model for studying physiological properties and toxin-induced effects on intestinal cells.PloS one · 2021Article
- Mammalian membrane trafficking as seen through the lens of bacterial toxins.Cellular microbiology · 2020Review
- A quantitative single-cell assay for retrograde membrane traffic enables rapid detection of defects in cellular organization.Molecular biology of the cell · 2020Article
- SV40 Hijacks Cellular Transport, Membrane Penetration, and Disassembly Machineries to Promote Infection.Viruses · 2019Review
- Crystal structures of cholera toxin in complex with fucosylated receptors point to importance of secondary binding site.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Functional analyses of the UDP-galactose transporter SLC35A2 using the binding of bacterial Shiga toxins as a novel activity assay.Glycobiology · 2019Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) travels from the plasma membrane of intestinal cells to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where a portion of the A-subunit, the A1 chain, crosses the membrane into the cytosol to cause disease. A related toxin, LTIIb, binds to intestinal cells but does not cause toxicity. Here, we show that the B-subunit of CT serves as a carrier for the A-subunit to the ER where disassembly occurs. The B-subunit binds to gangliosides in lipid rafts and travels with the ganglioside to the ER. In many cells, LTIIb follows a similar pathway, but in human intestinal cells it binds to a ganglioside that fails to associate with lipid rafts and it is sorted away from the retrograde pathway to the ER. Our results explain why LTIIb does not cause disease in humans and suggest that gangliosides with high affinity for lipid rafts may provide a general vehicle for the transport of toxins to the ER.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.