ReviewThe Biochemical journal2003
Structure and function of efflux pumps that confer resistance to drugs.
Review in The Biochemical journal, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Terpenes as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors: A systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents Against WHO Priority Bacterial Pathogens: A Strategic Review of In Vitro Clinical Efficacy, Innovations and Research Gaps.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bactericidal activity of gallic acid against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Biofilm Formation and the Role of Efflux Pumps in ESKAPE Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Non-interchangeable functions of efflux transporters ofJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Probing the Allosteric Modulation of P-Glycoprotein: A Medicinal Chemistry Approach Toward the Identification of Noncompetitive P-Gp Inhibitors.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Glacier-Fed Stream Biofilms Harbor Diverse Resistomes and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Effect of Pre-Exposure to Chlorine Dioxide on the Susceptibility of Fecal Coliforms to Antibiotics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Influence of cadmium-resistant Streptomycetes on plant growth and cadmium uptake by Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Klebsiella oxytoca and Emerging Nosocomial Infections.Current microbiology · 2021Review
- HPLC-MS identification and expression ofAIMS microbiology · 2021Article
- Membrane Chemistry Tunes the Structure of a Peptide Transporter.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2020Article
- Theoretical insights on helix repacking as the origin of P-glycoprotein promiscuity.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- BacEffluxPred: A two-tier system to predict and categorize bacterial efflux mediated antibiotic resistance proteins.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Prevalence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes in the subtropical mangrove wetland ecosystem of South China Sea.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- Antigenic Targets for the Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Inhibition of blood-brain barrier efflux transporters promotes seizure in pregnant rats: Role of circulating factors.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Computational Study Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the Interaction between the Efflux Inhibitor PAβN and the AdeB Transporter fromACS omega · 2017Article
- Microbial Biofilms and Chronic Wounds.Microorganisms · 2017Review
- Influence of Water Temperature on the MXR Activity and P-glycoprotein Expression in the Freshwater Snail,Zoological studies · 2017Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic drugs encompasses a diverse range of biological systems, which all have a human impact. From the relative simplicity of bacterial cells, fungi and protozoa to the complexity of human cancer cells, resistance has become problematic. Stated in its simplest terms, drug resistance decreases the chance of providing successful treatment against a plethora of diseases. Worryingly, it is a problem that is increasing, and consequently there is a pressing need to develop new and effective classes of drugs. This has provided a powerful stimulus in promoting research on drug resistance and, ultimately, it is hoped that this research will provide novel approaches that will allow the deliberate circumvention of well understood resistance mechanisms. A major mechanism of resistance in both microbes and cancer cells is the membrane protein-catalysed extrusion of drugs from the cell. Resistant cells exploit proton-driven antiporters and/or ATP-driven ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters to extrude cytotoxic drugs that usually enter the cell by passive diffusion. Although some of these drug efflux pumps transport specific substrates, many are transporters of multiple substrates. These multidrug pumps can often transport a variety of structurally unrelated hydrophobic compounds, ranging from dyes to lipids. If we are to nullify the effects of efflux-mediated drug resistance, we must first of all understand how these efflux pumps can accommodate a diverse range of compounds and, secondly, how conformational changes in these proteins are coupled to substrate translocation. These are key questions that must be addressed. In this review we report on the advances that have been made in understanding the structure and function of drug efflux pumps.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.