ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2003
Site-specific inductive and inhibitory activities of MMP-2 and MMP-3 orchestrate mammary gland branching morphogenesis.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Shaping epithelial tissues by stem cell mechanics in development and cancer.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Matrix metalloproteinase-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition: implications in health and disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Global versus local matrix remodeling drives rotational versus invasive collective migration of epithelial cells.Developmental cell · 2025Article
- Review
- An eGFP-Col4a2 mouse model reveals basement membrane dynamics underlying hair follicle morphogenesis.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Embryonic Mammary Gland Morphogenesis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Programmed Death-Ligand (PD-L1), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Relaxin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3): Potential Biomarkers of Malignancy in Canine Mammary Neoplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mmp2 Deficiency Leads to Defective Parturition and High Dystocia Rates in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Programming hydrogels to probe spatiotemporal cell biology.Cell stem cell · 2022Review
- The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Cancer and Apoptosis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Hepsin regulates TGFβ signaling via fibronectin proteolysis.EMBO reports · 2021Article
- Collective metastasis: coordinating the multicellular voyage.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2021Review
- A Matrix Metalloproteinase Mediates Tracheal Development inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Mechanical plasticity of collagen directs branch elongation in human mammary gland organoids.Nature communications · 2021Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During puberty, mouse mammary epithelial ducts invade the stromal mammary fat pad in a wave of branching morphogenesis to form a complex ductal tree. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we find that mammary gland branching morphogenesis requires transient matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity for invasion and branch point selection. MMP-2, but not MMP-9, facilitates terminal end bud invasion by inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis at the start of puberty. Unexpectedly, MMP-2 also represses precocious lateral branching during mid-puberty. In contrast, MMP-3 induces secondary and tertiary lateral branching of ducts during mid-puberty and early pregnancy. Nevertheless, the mammary gland is able to develop lactational competence in MMP mutant mice. Thus, specific MMPs refine the mammary branching pattern by distinct mechanisms during mammary gland branching morphogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.