ArticleThe Biochemical journal2004
Analysis of Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) dimerization by fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells.
Article in The Biochemical journal, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-time visualization of STAT activation in live cells using genetically encoded biosensors.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- JAK/STAT in human diseases: a common axis in immunodeficiencies and hematological disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- JAKs and STATs from a Clinical Perspective: Loss-of-Function Mutations, Gain-of-Function Mutations, and Their Multidimensional Consequences.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the putative lymphoma-associated point mutation D427H in the STAT3 transcription factor.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2022Article
- IL-6 in the Ecosystem of Head and Neck Cancer: Possible Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Antagonism of STAT3 signalling by Ebola virus.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Dynamic monitoring of STAT3 activation in live cells using a novel STAT3 Phospho-BRET sensor.American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2019Article
- Article
- Structural Biology of STAT3 and Its Implications for Anticancer Therapies Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Visualization and quantification of dynamic STAT3 homodimerization in living cells using homoFluoppi.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Genome-Wide Inhibition of Pro-atherogenic Gene Expression by Multi-STAT Targeting Compounds as a Novel Treatment Strategy of CVDs.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- TYK2-induced phosphorylation of Y640 suppresses STAT3 transcriptional activity.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genome-Wide STAT3 Binding Analysis after Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Reveals Novel Target Genes in Dendritic Cells.Journal of innate immunity · 2017Article
- STAT3 Serine 727 Phosphorylation: A Relevant Target to Radiosensitize Human Glioblastoma.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Paclitaxel attenuates renal interstitial fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting STAT3 signaling.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Article
- Different associations of CD45 isoforms with STAT3, PKC and ERK regulate IL-6-induced proliferation in myeloma.PloS one · 2015Article
- The molecular regulation of Janus kinase (JAK) activation.The Biochemical journal · 2014Review
- Distinct roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of breast cancer.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) dimerization is commonly thought to be triggered by its tyrosine phosphorylation in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or other cytokines. Accumulating evidence from in vitro studies, however, suggests that cytoplasmic Stat3 may be associated with high-molecular-mass protein complexes and/or dimerize prior to its activation. To directly study Stat3 dimerization and subcellular localization upon cytokine stimulation, we used live-cell fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging microscopy combined with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Stat3 fusion proteins with spectral variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP), cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) were constructed and expressed in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Like wild-type Stat3, the fusion proteins redistributed from a preferentially cytoplasmic to nuclear localization upon IL-6 stimulation and supported IL-6-dependent target gene expression. FRET studies in cells co-expressing Stat3-CFP and Stat3-YFP demonstrated that Stat3 dimers exist in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation. IL-6 induced a 2-fold increase of this basal FRET signal, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation either increases the dimer/monomer ratio of Stat3 or induces a conformational change of the dimer yielding a higher FRET efficiency. Studies using a mutated Stat3 with a non-functional src-homology 2 (SH2) domain showed that the SH2 domain is essential for dimer formation of phosphorylated as well as non-phosphorylated Stat3. Furthermore, our data show that visualization of normalized FRET signals allow insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of Stat3 signal transduction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.