ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2003
Cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 252 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
252 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 631 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy, immune response, and safety of mRNA versus dendritic cell vaccines in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- MUC1 vaccine for individuals with advanced adenoma of the colon: a cancer immunoprevention feasibility study.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2013Trial
- PDS0101 With Pembrolizumab in HPV16-Positive Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2026Article
- Evaluating neoantigen-vaccine responses through mechanistic and model-based frameworks.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Remote-Controllable Immune-Priming Spot Formation Via Nanocomplexed Hydrogel-Assisted Histotripsy: Immunoasis.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Opportunity knocking: shared tumor-associated antigen vaccines against global cancer pandemic.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Discovery of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma and prospects for clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-embedded Immunity and TRM Cell Functions in Cancer.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Breast cancer vaccines: from immune promise to the prospect of eradication.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Review
- Surface-Anchored Ticagrelor Gelatin Nanoparticles-Platelets System for Enhanced Anti-PD-L1 Therapy Response and Boosted Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Nanomedicines.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Article
- In Situ Cancer Vaccines: Redefining Immune Activation in the Tumor Microenvironment.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Emerging Immunotherapies in Lung Cancer: The Latest Advances and the Future of mRNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Non-Viral RNA Therapies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Corresponding Clinical Trials.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- C3-Liposome Delivery of MUC1 Peptide and TLR Agonists Enhances Adaptive Immunity and Results in Sex-Based Tumor Growth Differences.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Bioactive metallic nanoparticles for synergistic cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Cancer Drug Targeting: Molecular Mechanism, Approaches, and Regulatory Framework.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D and emerging immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Strategies to Combat Resistance to Anti-angiogenesis Therapies in Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Immune-modulative nano-gel-nano system for patient-favorable cancer therapy.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
192 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whether vaccines are designed to prepare the immune system for the encounter with a pathogen or with cancer, certain common challenges need to be faced, such as what antigen and what adjuvant to use, what type of immune response to generate and how to make it long lasting. Cancer, additionally, presents several unique hurdles. Cancer vaccines must overcome immune suppression exerted by the tumour, by previous therapy or by the effects of advanced age of the patient. If used for cancer prevention, vaccines must elicit effective long-term memory without the potential of causing autoimmunity. This article addresses the common and the unique challenges to cancer vaccines and the progress that has been made in meeting them. Considering how refractory cancer has been to standard therapy, efforts to achieve immune control of this disease are well justified.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.