ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2004
Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Probiotics in Stimulating the Immune System in Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
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- Viruses in bronchiectasis.ERJ open research · 2025Review
- MARCKS protein is a potential target in a naturally occurring equine model of neutrophilic asthma.Respiratory research · 2025Article
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- A predominately pulmonary activation of complement in a mouse model of severe COVID-19.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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- Inhaled Corticosteroids Is Not Associated with the Risk of Pneumonia in Asthma.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2023Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cicadidae Periostracum Extract and Oleic Acid through Inhibiting Inflammatory Chemokines Using PCR Arrays in LPS-Induced Lung inflammation In Vitro.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infects an upper airway model derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2021Article
- In Vitro Effects of 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway Inhibition on Rhinovirus-Associated Bronchial Epithelial Inflammation.Pulmonary therapy · 2021Article
- Kakkonto Inhibits Cytokine Production Induced by Rhinovirus Infection in Primary Cultures of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on respiratory viral infections: A hint for COVID-19 treatment?Microbial pathogenesis · 2020Review
- Why Are Children With Bronchiolitis At Risk Of Urinary Tract Infections?Risk management and healthcare policy · 2019Article
- Phosphocholine-Modified Lipooligosaccharides ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Polymorphism in the gene encoding toll-like receptor 10 may be associated with asthma after bronchiolitis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The cell wall component lipoteichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus induces chemokine gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2016Article
- β2-Adrenergic agonists attenuate organic dust-induced lung inflammation.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2016Article
- Gingipains: Critical Factors in the Development of Aspiration Pneumonia Caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.Journal of innate immunity · 2016Article
- Inside-Out Signaling Pathways from Nuclear Reactive Oxygen Species Control Pulmonary Innate Immunity.Journal of innate immunity · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory infection is extremely common and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The airway epithelium has an important role in host defense against infection and this is illustrated in this review by considering infection by respiratory viruses. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory viruses are a common trigger of exacerbations. Rhinoviruses (RV) are the most common virus type detected. Knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of such RV-induced exacerbations remains limited, but information is available from in vitro and from in vivo studies, especially of experimental infection in human volunteers. RV infects and replicates within epithelial cells (EC) of the lower respiratory tract. EC are an important component of the innate-immune response to RV infection. The interaction between virus and the intracellular signaling pathways of the host cell results in activation of potentially antiviral mechanisms, including type 1 interferons and nitric oxide, and in the production of cytokines and chemokines [interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-16, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78, regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted, eotaxin 1/2, macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha], which influence the subsequent induced innate- and specific-immune response. Although this is beneficial in facilitating clearance of virus from the respiratory tract, the generation of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of inflammatory cells result in a degree of immunopathology and may amplify pre-existing airway inflammation. Further research will be necessary to determine whether modification of EC responses to respiratory virus infection will be of therapeutic benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.