ArticleJournal of virology2003
Mucosal immunization with virus-like particles of simian immunodeficiency virus conjugated with cholera toxin subunit B.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal immunization of mice with chimera of Salmonella Typhi protein elicits protective intestinal immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies.Viruses · 2021Review
- A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV.PloS one · 2015Article
- Immunization with the recombinant Cholera toxin B fused to Fimbria 2 protein protects against Bordetella pertussis infection.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- CXCR4-tropic, but not CCR5-tropic, human immunodeficiency virus infection is inhibited by the lipid raft-associated factors, acyclic retinoid analogs, and cholera toxin B subunit.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- Co-expression of ubiquitin gene and capsid protein gene enhances the potency of DNA immunization of PCV2 in mice.Virology journal · 2011Article
- Article
- Intranasal immunization with influenza VLPs incorporating membrane-anchored flagellin induces strong heterosubtypic protection.PloS one · 2010Article
- Incorporation of membrane-anchored flagellin into influenza virus-like particles enhances the breadth of immune responses.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Article
- Virus-like particles: models for assembly studies and foreign epitope carriers.Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of antigen uptake at mucosal surfaces, CTB was conjugated to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virus-like particles (VLPs). We characterized the immune responses to the Env and Gag proteins after intranasal administration. Intranasal immunization with a mixture of VLPs and CTB as an adjuvant elicited higher levels of SIV gp160-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera and IgA in mucosae, including saliva, vaginal-wash samples, lung, and intestine, as well as a higher level of neutralization activities than immunization with VLPs alone. Conjugation of CTB to VLPs also enhanced the SIV VLP-specific antibodies in sera and in mucosae to similar levels. Interestingly, CTB-conjugated VLPs showed higher levels of cytokine (gamma interferon)-producing splenocytes and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities of immune cells than VLPs plus CTB, as well as an increased level of both IgG1 and IgG2a serum antibodies, which indicates enhancement of both Th1- and Th2-type cellular immune responses. These results demonstrate that CTB can be an effective mucosal adjuvant in the context of VLPs to induce enhanced humoral, as well as cellular, immune responses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.