ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2003
Shikonin, a component of chinese herbal medicine, inhibits chemokine receptor function and suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic characterization of the R2R3-MYB family in Lithospermum erythrorhizon and regulatory mechanisms of LeMYB1 in shikonin biosynthesis.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Shikonin-Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuate Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Shikonin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and controls inflammatory disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extraction and Analysis of Antimicrobial Compounds fromJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Review projecting shikonin as a therapeutic candidate in female carcinomas: a preclinical perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Natural Compounds that Modulate Circadian Rhythms.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of shikonin in periodontitis.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Article
- YTHDC1 Regulates the Migration, Invasion, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Anti-HIV activity in traditional Chinese medicine: clinical implications of monomeric herbal remedies and compound decoctions.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- AnFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Pharmacological Effects of Shikonin and Its Potential in Skin Repair: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genome-Wide Comparison and Functional Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Bacterial responses to plant antimicrobials: the case of alkannin and shikonin derivatives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Antiallergic Effects of N,N-dicoumaroylspermidine Isolated fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Inhibiting pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 regresses group 2 pulmonary hypertension induced by supra-coronary aortic banding.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Component Composition and Biological Activity of Various Extracts ofInternational journal of biomaterials · 2022Article
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review of Mechanisms and Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antibacterial activity of different concentrations ofBiotechnologia · 2021Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Shikonin is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities, including inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1). G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are used by HIV-1 as coreceptors to enter the host cells. In this study, we assessed the effects of shikonin on chemokine receptor function and HIV-1 replication. The results showed that, at nanomolar concentrations, shikonin inhibited monocyte chemotaxis and calcium flux in response to a variety of CC chemokines (CCL2 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1], CCL3 [macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha], and CCL5 [regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein]), the CXC chemokine (CXCL12 [stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha]), and classic chemoattractants (formylmethionyl-leucine-phenylalanine and complement fraction C5a). Shikonin down-regulated surface expression of CCR5, a primary HIV-1 coreceptor, on macrophages to a greater degree than the other receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CXCR4, and the formyl peptide receptor) did. CCR5 mRNA expression was also down-regulated by the compound. Additionally, shikonin inhibited the replication of a multidrug-resistant strain and pediatric clinical isolates of HIV in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) ranging from 96 to 366 nM. Shikonin also effectively inhibited the replication of the HIV Ba-L isolate in monocytes/macrophages, with an IC(50) of 470 nM. Our results suggest that the anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory activities of shikonin may be related to its interference with chemokine receptor expression and function. Therefore, shikonin, as a naturally occurring, low-molecular-weight pan-chemokine receptor inhibitor, constitutes a basis for the development of novel anti-HIV therapeutic agents.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.