ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Lactoferrin impairs type III secretory system function in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00560222 (Randomized, Controlled Trial - Lactoferrin Prevention of Diarrhea in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized, Controlled Trial - Lactoferrin Prevention of Diarrhea in Children
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized double-blind controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin for prevention of diarrhea in children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Impact of lactoferrin supplementation on growth and prevalence of Giardia colonization in children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2008Trial
- The Multifaceted Functions of Lactoferrin in Antimicrobial Defense and Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Lactoferrin impairs pathogen virulence through its proteolytic activity.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Bovine Lactoferrin and Hen Ovotransferrin Affect Virulence Factors of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)-InducingMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Lactoferrin-based food supplements trigger toxin production of enteropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Lactoferrin Decreases EnterotoxigenicPharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Targeting bacterial pathogenesis by inhibiting virulence-associated Type III and Type IV secretion systems.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Lactoferrin for COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and recovery.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- The Case against Antibiotics and for Anti-Virulence Therapeutics.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Transferrins Reduce Replication ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Bovine apo-lactoferrin affects the secretion of proteases inAccess microbiology · 2021Article
- Porcine and Bovine Forms of Lactoferrin Inhibit Growth of Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Degrade Its Virulence Factors.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- A Novel Peptide Antibiotic, Pro10-1D, Designed from Insect Defensin Shows Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Sepsis Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Lactoferrin: A Critical Mediator of Both Host Immune Response and Antimicrobial Activity in Response to Streptococcal Infections.ACS infectious diseases · 2020Review
- The goat β‑casein/CMV chimeric promoter drives the expression of hLF in transgenic goats produced by cell transgene microinjection.International journal of molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Immunomodulation to Prevent or Treat Neonatal Sepsis: Past, Present, and Future.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2018Review
- Lactoferrin: A Natural Glycoprotein Involved in Iron and Inflammatory Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries. EPEC uses a type III secretory system to deliver effector proteins into the host cell. These proteins cause the characteristic attaching and effacing lesion on enterocytes. Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein present in human milk, inhibits EPEC adherence to mammalian cells. To determine the effect of lactoferrin on the initial host cell attachment step that is mediated by the type III secretory system, we focused on EPEC-induced actin polymerization in HEp2 cells, on the hemolytic activity, and on measurement of E. coli secreted proteins A, B, and D (EspABD). Lactoferrin blocked EPEC-mediated actin polymerization in HEp2 cells and blocked EPEC-induced hemolysis. The mechanism of this inhibition was lactoferrin-mediated degradation of secreted proteins necessary for bacterial contact and pore formation, particularly EspB. The proteolytic effect of lactoferrin was prevented by serine protease inhibitors. This disruption of the type III secretory system implies that lactoferrin could provide broad cross protection against the enteropathogens that share this mechanism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.