ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Coinjection with CpG-containing immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides reduces the pathogenicity of a live vaccine against cutaneous Leishmaniasis but maintains its potency and durability.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Overview of the Factors Related toVaccines · 2026Review
- Immunotherapeutic Strategies as Potential Treatment Options for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Using Adjuvants to Drive T Cell Responses for Next-Generation Infectious Disease Vaccines.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Evaluation of Leishmanization UsingFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Update on Vaccine Development.Human parasitic diseases (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Article
- Concomitant Immunity Induced by Persistent Leishmania major Does Not Preclude Secondary Re-Infection: Implications for Genetic Exchange, Diversity and Vaccination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Cutaneous Infection with Leishmania major Mediates Heterologous Protection against Visceral Infection with Leishmania infantum.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Coinjection with TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 reduces the pathology of leishmanization in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- A dual drug sensitive L. major induces protection without lesion in C57BL/6 mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Protective immunity and vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Adjuvants for Leishmania vaccines: from models to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Vaccine Development Against Leishmania donovani.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Immunization against leishmaniasis by PLGA nanospheres encapsulated with autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and CpG-ODN.Parasitology research · 2011Article
- CpG DNA as a vaccine adjuvant.Expert review of vaccines · 2011Review
- Vaccines for the leishmaniases: proposals for a research agenda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
- Cancer testis antigen vaccination affords long-term protection in a murine model of ovarian cancer.PloS one · 2010Article
- The Role of Liposomal CpG ODN on the Course of L. major Infection in BALB/C Mice.Iranian journal of parasitology · 2010Article
- Vaccination with live Leishmania major and CpG DNA promotes interleukin-2 production by dermal dendritic cells and NK cell activation.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- Comparative evaluation of two vaccine candidates against experimental leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major infection in four inbred mouse strains.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The inoculation of live, nonattenuated Leishmania major to produce a lesion in a selected site that heals, referred to as leishmanization, is to date the only vaccine against leishmaniasis that has proven to be effective in humans. Its use has been restricted or abandoned entirely, however, due to safety concerns. In an attempt to develop a leishmanization protocol that minimizes pathology while maintaining long-term protection, live parasites were coinjected with CpG-containing immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) alone or in combination with whole-cell lysates of heat-killed L. major promastigotes bound to alum (ALM). C57BL/6 mice infected intradermally by using L. major plus CpG ODN with or without ALM developed few or no dermal lesions and showed an early containment of parasite growth, while mice infected with L. major with or without ALM developed sizable dermal lesions that required up to 10 weeks to heal. The CpG ODNs provoked a transient inflammation that included an early recruitment and accumulation of gamma interferon-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes in the site. Attenuation of the live vaccine did not compromise its ability to confer long-term immunity, as mice receiving L. major and CpG ODN plus ALM were totally protected against reinfection with L. major for up to 6 months. By comparison, the immunity elicited by two efficient nonlive vaccines began to wane by 6 months. Our results suggest that immune modulation using CpG ODNs might be a practical approach to improving the safety of a highly effective live vaccine that has already been widely applied.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.