ArticleInfection and immunity2003
Effect of codon optimization on expression levels of a functionally folded malaria vaccine candidate in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
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- RNA vaccines in motion: A multidisciplinary exploration of design, delivery, and deployment.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Decoding codon usage in human papillomavirus type 59.Virus genes · 2025Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of codon usages for peste des petits ruminants virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Effect of transgenicIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2021Article
- Optimization ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Reverse genetics approaches for the development of mammarenavirus live-attenuated vaccines.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Article
- Evaluation of the Anti-Leishmanial Effect of RecombinantInfection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of poxa1b gene from Pleurotus ostreatus.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
- Recombinant O-mannosylated protein production (PstS-1) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) as a tool to study tuberculosis infection.Microbial cell factories · 2019Article
- Increased dosage of AOX1 promoter-regulated expression cassettes leads to transcription attenuation of the methanol metabolism in Pichia pastoris.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Development of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines based on codon deoptimization of the viral glycoprotein.Virology · 2017Article
- Article
- Elevation of the Yields of Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids via Minimal Codon Optimization of Two Key Biosynthetic Enzymes.PloS one · 2016Article
- Development of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines based on codon deoptimization.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Article
- Translation elongation can control translation initiation on eukaryotic mRNAs.The EMBO journal · 2014Article
- Synonymous rare arginine codons and tRNA abundance affect protein production and quality of TEV protease variant.PloS one · 2014Article
- Cloning, expression, and immunocharacterization of surface protein containing an altered thrombospondin repeat domain (SPATR) from Plasmodium knowlesi.Malaria journal · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have produced two synthetic genes that code for the F2 domain located within region II of the 175-kDa Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA-175) to determine the effects of codon alteration on protein expression in homologous and heterologous host systems. EBA-175 plays a key role in the process of merozoite invasion into erythrocytes through a specific receptor-ligand interaction. The F2 domain of EBA-175 is the ligand that binds to the glycophorin A receptor on human erythrocytes and is therefore a target of vaccine development efforts. We designed synthetic genes based on P. falciparum, Escherichia coli, and Pichia codon usage and expressed recombinant F2 in E. coli and Pichia pastoris. Compared to the expression of the native F2 sequence, conversion to prokaryote (E. coli)- or eukaryote (Pichia)-based codon usage dramatically improved the levels of recombinant protein expression in both E. coli and P. pastoris. The majority of the protein expressed in E. coli, however, was produced as inclusion bodies. The protein expressed in P. pastoris, on the other hand, was expressed as a secreted, soluble protein. The P. pastoris-produced protein was superior to that produced in E. coli based on its ability to bind to red blood cells. Consistent with these observations, the antibodies generated against the Pichia-produced protein prevented the binding of recombinant EBA to red blood cells. These antibodies recognize EBA-175 present on merozoites as well as in sporozoites by immunofluorescence. Our results suggest that the Pichia-based EBA-F2 vaccine construct has further potential to be developed for clinical use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.