ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2003
Income and health behaviours. Evidence from monitoring surveys among Finnish adults.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic; a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Income and obesity: what is the direction of the relationship? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Decomposing socio-economic inequalities in edentulism among community-dwelling older adults in a socially diverse metropolitan by using the Erreygers concentration index.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Income level is associated with differences in primary and secondary stroke prevention in China.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- Exploring the bidirectional causal link between household income status and genetic susceptibility to neurological diseases: findings from a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Wearable Activity Tracker Use and Physical Activity Among Informal Caregivers in the United States: Quantitative Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Article
- Pension exposure and health: Evidence from a longitudinal study in South Africa.Journal of the economics of ageing · 2022Article
- Adherence to healthy behavioral practices promotes COVID 19 preventive behavior among chronic disease patients: A cross-sectional study from urban Rajasthan, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Analysis of energy intakes, physical activities and metabolic syndrome according to the income level in Korean elderly people: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016‒2018.Physical activity and nutrition · 2022Article
- Income-related inequality and decomposition of edentulism among aged people in China.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Self-Care of African Immigrant Adults with Chronic Illness.Clinical nursing research · 2022Article
- Genetic propensity for obesity, socioeconomic position, and trajectories of body mass index in older adults.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Public perceptions, individual characteristics, and preventive behaviors for COVID-19 in six countries: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Timing of Entry into Paid Employment, Adverse Physical Work Exposures and Health: The Young Helsinki Health Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Do Mothers with Lower Socioeconomic Status Contribute to the Rate of All-Cause Child Mortality in Kazakhstan?BioMed research international · 2018Article
- Sociodemographic characteristics determine dietary pattern adherence during pregnancy.Public health nutrition · 2016Article
- Hospital treatment, mortality and healthcare costs in relation to socioeconomic status among people with bipolar affective disorder.BJPsych open · 2016Article
- Common risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among older adults in China, Ghana, Mexico, India, Russia and South Africa: the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Household and area income levels are associated with smoking status in the Korean adult population.BMC public health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo examine the associations of individual and household income with various health behaviours, before and after adjusting for educational attainment and occupational social class. DESIGN AND
settingData from 19 982 respondents to nationwide health behaviour surveys from 1993 to 1999 (response rate 70%) were linked with socioeconomic information from population registers. MEASUREMENTS: The income measures were total individual income liable to taxation and household's monthly disposable income. Health behaviours included smoking, alcohol use, leisure time physical activity, use of vegetables, use of saturated fat on bread, and being overweight. MAIN
resultsIn men, smoking and infrequent vegetable use were more common among those with lower individual and household income. However, adjusting for education and occupational class removed most of the differences. Use of saturated fat on bread increased with decreasing individual income, before and after the adjustments. In women, smoking, infrequent vegetable use and being overweight were more common among those with lower income, but the differences by both income measures were largely removed by the adjustments. Women with higher income more often also were high alcohol users and had less physical activity, in particular when income was measured by the respondents' individual income.
conclusionsAdjusting for education and occupation largely removed income differences in health behaviours, but for some behaviours some independent effect remained. The results suggest that income does not only reflect the available material resources, but works as a general socioeconomic indicator that is associated with health behaviours in much the same way as other socioeconomic indicators.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.