ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2003
Long-term statin use and psychological well-being.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of statin use with the risk of anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Statins in Depression: An Evidence-Based Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Microvascular Dysfunction With Late-Life Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Statins, mood, sleep, and physical function: a systematic review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Pooled it
- The impact of statins on psychological wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2012Pooled it
- The effects of atorvastatin on emotional processing, reward learning, verbal memory and inflammation in healthy volunteers: An experimental medicine study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Trial
- The use of statins for the treatment of depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Translational psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Integrating mental health and cardiovascular wellness: synergistic impacts and the promise of comprehensive care models.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Functional Expression of NMDA Receptors in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Following Long-Term RA/BDNF-Induced Differentiation.NeuroSci · 2025Article
- Psycho-Cardiological Disease in COVID-19 Era.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- The association between cardiac drug therapy and anxiety among cardiac patients: results from the national DenHeart survey.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Downregulation of interleukin-1 beta via Jmjd3 inhibition improves post-myocardial infarction depression.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2022Article
- Emerging views of statin pleiotropy and cholesterol lowering.Cardiovascular research · 2022Review
- Update on Statin Treatment in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The anxiolytic effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on dietary-induced increase in homocysteine levels in rats.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2019Article
- Statins and Inflammation: New Therapeutic Opportunities in Psychiatry.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment of Inflammation-related Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Review
- The renin-angiotensin system: a possible new target for depression.BMC medicine · 2017Review
- Lipids, lipoprotein distribution and depressive symptoms: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Translational psychiatry · 2016Article
- Depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Translational stroke research · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe sought to study the effect of long-term statin use on psychometric measures in an adult population with underlying coronary artery disease (CAD).
backgroundPrevious studies have suggested associations between cholesterol lowering and psychological well-being.
methodsStudy subjects were recruited from an outpatient cardiology clinic. Psychological well-being was assessed at baseline and annually during follow-up. The exposure of interest was long-term statin use and the outcomes of interest were depression, anxiety, and hostility. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) that represented the strength of association between statin use (vs. no use of any cholesterol-lowering drug) and the risk of having abnormal depression, anxiety, and hostility scores.
resultsStudy subjects had an average follow-up of four years and maximum of seven years. Comparing the 140 patients who had continuous use of statins with the 231 patients who did not use any cholesterol-lowering drugs, statin use was associated with lower risk of abnormal depression scores (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.93), anxiety (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.99), and hostility (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.93) after adjustment for the propensity for statin use and potential confounders. The beneficial psychological effects of the statins appeared to be independent of the drugs' cholesterol-lowering effects.
conclusionsLong-term use of statins among patients with CAD appeared to be associated with reduced risk of anxiety, depression, and hostility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.