ReviewJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2003
Progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-cell-derived growth factor, acrogranin) mediates tissue repair and tumorigenesis.
Review in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 244 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 477 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- PGRN Is Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: a Case-Control Replication Study and Meta-analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Pooled it
- Association of progranulin polymorphism rs5848 with neurodegenerative diseases: a meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2015Pooled it
- Progranulin serum levels in human kidney transplant recipients: A longitudinal study.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Deliver Progranulin to Alleviate Skin Wound Fibrosis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of synovial fluid progranulin vs. C-reactive protein in septic arthritis: a comparative biomarker study.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Continuous low-intensity ultrasound influences the transcriptomic profile in M1 macrophages by downregulating inflammation and promoting M2-like markers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Course of Progranulin Levels at Admission and During Early Period of Insulin Treatment in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes MellitusJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Grna knockout resists HFD-induced obesity and leads to impaired liver development in zebrafish.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Administration of a recombinant secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor prevents aortic aneurysm growth in mice.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Analysing the effect of full-length and C-terminally truncated progranulin on proliferation, colony formation, and migration in HepG2 and U87 cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The C-terminal region ofAustralian journal of chemistry · 2025Article
- CXCL16 Producing Tumor Clones Are Shaping Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Squamous Cell Carcinoma via CXCR6 Regulatory T Cell.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Opposing role of phagocytic receptors MERTK and AXL in Progranulin deficient FTD.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Macrophage-Specific Progranulin Deficiency Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity through the Inhibition of Hypothalamic and Adipose Tissue Inflammation.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Progranulin deficiency in the brain: the interplay between neuronal and non-neuronal cells.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- A novel c.1468 G > A GRN mutation causes frontotemporal dementia in a Chinese Han family.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Progranulin enhances the engraftment of transplanted human iPS cell-derived cerebral neurons.Stem cells translational medicine · 2024Article
- Progranulin deficiency attenuates tubulointerstitial injury in a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction model.Experimental animals · 2024Article
- Tear Fluid Progranulin as a Noninvasive Biomarker for the Monitoring of Corneal Innervation Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progranulin (Pgrn) is a pluripotent secreted growth factor that mediates cell cycle progression and cell motility. It activates the extracellular regulated kinases and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase signal cascades, among others, and increases expression of cyclins D and B. Structurally, it belongs to none of the well-established growth factor families. It regulates developmental events as diverse as the onset of cavitation in the preimplantation embryo and male-specific brain differentiation. During wound repair it promotes granulation and neovascularization. It regulates inflammation through a tripartite loop with secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) which protects pgrn from proteolysis, and elastase, which digests it to smaller peptides. Intact pgrn is anti-inflammatory through the inhibition of some of the actions of tumor necrosis factor, while the proteolytic peptides may stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 8. Pgrn is highly expressed in aggressive cancer cell lines and clinical specimens including breast, ovarian, and renal cancers as well as gliomas. In experimental systems it confers an aggressive phenotype on poorly tumorigenic epithelial cancer cells. The malignancy of highly tumorigenic progranulin-expressing cell lines depends on the expression level of the pgrn gene since attenuating pgrn mRNA levels in pgrn-responsive cells greatly inhibits tumor progression. Given its actions in wound repair and tumorigenesis pgrn may prove a useful clinical target, both for prognosis and for therapy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.