ArticleBlood2003
HTLV-1 Rex is required for viral spread and persistence in vivo but is dispensable for cellular immortalization in vitro.
Article in Blood, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Opticool: Cutting-edge transgenic optical tools.PLoS genetics · 2024Review
- An HTLV-1 envelope mRNA vaccine is immunogenic and protective in New Zealand rabbits.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Elucidation of the Mechanism of Host NMD Suppression by HTLV-1 Rex: Dissection of Rex to Identify the NMD Inhibitory Domain.Viruses · 2022Article
- The Past, Present, and Future of a Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Vaccine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- HTLV-1 intragenic viral enhancer influences immortalization phenotypeFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Epigenomic regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus by chromatin-insulator CTCF.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Biochemical Characterization, Specificity and Inhibition Studies of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HTLV-3 Proteases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- CRISPR Genome Editing Applied to the Pathogenic Retrovirus HTLV-1.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- HTLV-1 CTCF-binding site is dispensable for in vitro immortalization and persistent infection in vivo.Retrovirology · 2019Article
- Post-transcriptional Regulation of HTLV Gene Expression: Rex to the Rescue.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- RNA stability regulates human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gene expression in chronically-infected CD4 T cells.Virology · 2017Article
- HTLV-1 and HTLV-2: highly similar viruses with distinct oncogenic properties.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 non-structural proteins: Requirements for latent infection.Cancer science · 2013Review
- Animal Models Utilized in HTLV-1 Research.Virology : research and treatment · 2013Review
- Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 antisense viral protein 2 is dispensable for in vitro immortalization but functions to repress early virus replication in vivo.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Distinct transformation tropism exhibited by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 is the result of postinfection T cell clonal expansion.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 regulatory and accessory gene transcript expression and export are not rex dependent.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Article
- Comparison of the Genetic Organization, Expression Strategies and Oncogenic Potential of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.Leukemia research and treatment · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with leukemia/lymphoma and neurologic disorders. Although the viral transcriptional activator Tax is the critical viral oncoprotein, Rex, which regulates the expression of the viral structural and enzymatic genes, is essential for efficient viral replication. Herein, we investigate the contribution of Rex in HTLV-1 immortalization of primary T cells in vitro and viral survival in an infectious rabbit animal model. A Rex-deficient HTLV-1 (HTLVRex-) was constructed and characterized for viral gene expression, protein production, and immortalization capacity. Cells transiently transfected with the HTLVRex- proviral clone produced low detectable levels of p19 Gag. 729HTLVRex- stable transfectants produced functional Tax, but undetectable levels of Rex or p19 Gag. Coculture of irradiated 729HTLVRex- cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) resulted in sustained interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent growth of primary T lymphocytes. These cells carried the HTLVRex- genome and expressed tax/rex mRNA but produced no detectable Rex or p19 Gag. Rabbits inoculated with irradiated 729HTLVRex- cells or 729HTLVRex- cells transiently transfected with a Rex cDNA expression plasmid failed to become persistently infected or mount a detectable antibody response to the viral gene products. Together, our results provide the first direct evidence that Rex and its function to modulate viral gene expression and virion production is not required for in vitro immortalization by HTLV-1. However, Rex is critical for efficient infection of cells and persistence in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.