ArticleLancet (London, England)2003
Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 637 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator With Nebulizer for Adjuvant Treatment of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Positive Patients
A Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator With Nebulizer for Adjuvant Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Who cites it
637 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,060 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid profile as an indicator of COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Pooled it
- Serum albumin concentrations are associated with disease severity and outcomes in coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Different Cytokine Response Compared to Other Cytokine Storm-Causing Respiratory Viruses in Severely Ill Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Value of leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein in predicting severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 2019 novel coronavirus: A meta-analysis.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
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- Virome of canine lymph nodes: identification of viruses with zoonotic potential.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Translating animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Electromagnetic waves destabilize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and reduce SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like particle (SC2-VLP) infectivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Discovery of a novel Betacoronavirus 1, cpCoV, in goats in China: The new risk of cross-species transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19.Virulence · 2024Review
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- Fast and sensitive CRISPR detection by minimized interference of target amplification.Nature chemical biology · 2024Article
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- Nonhuman primate models of pediatric viral diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
577 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is associated with a newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). We did clinical and experimental studies to assess the role of this virus in the cause of SARS.
methodsWe tested clinical and postmortem samples from 436 SARS patients in six countries for infection with SARS-CoV, human metapneumovirus, and other respiratory pathogens. We infected four cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) with SARS-CoV in an attempt to replicate SARS and did necropsies on day 6 after infection.
findingsSARS-CoV infection was diagnosed in 329 (75%) of 436 patients fitting the case definition of SARS; human metapneumovirus was diagnosed in 41 (12%) of 335, and other respiratory pathogens were diagnosed only sporadically. SARS-CoV was, therefore, the most likely causal agent of SARS. The four SARS-CoV-infected macaques excreted SARS-CoV from nose, mouth, and pharynx from 2 days after infection. Three of four macaques developed diffuse alveolar damage, similar to that in SARS patients, and characterised by epithelial necrosis, serosanguineous exudate, formation of hyaline membranes, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, and the presence of syncytia. SARS-CoV was detected in pneumonic areas by virus isolation and RT-PCR, and was localised to alveolar epithelial cells and syncytia by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.
interpretationReplication in SARS-CoV-infected macaques of pneumonia similar to that in human beings with SARS, combined with the high prevalence of SARS-CoV infection in SARS patients, fulfill the criteria required to prove that SARS-CoV is the primary cause of SARS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.