ArticleJournal of virology2003
Local delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces rapid changes in the genital mucosa and inhibits replication, but not entry, of herpes simplex virus type 2.
Article in Journal of virology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thermal Stabilization of Viral Vaccines in Low-Cost Sugar Films.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- STING agonists enable antiviral cross-talk between human cells and confer protection against genital herpes in mice.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Article
- Prophylactic and therapeutic modulation of innate and adaptive immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus.Immune network · 2014Review
- Intravaginal TLR agonists increase local vaccine-specific CD8 T cells and human papillomavirus-associated genital-tumor regression in mice.Mucosal immunology · 2013Article
- Activation of type I interferon-dependent genes characterizes the "core response" induced by CpG DNA.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2012Article
- Early inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus: state-of-art and therapeutic perspectives.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2011Review
- Effects of particle size on toll-like receptor 9-mediated cytokine profiles.Biomaterials · 2011Article
- Expression of toll-like receptors in genital tract tissues from normal and HIV-infected men.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2011Article
- Toll-like receptor expression and activation in astroglia: differential regulation by HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and morphine.Immunological investigations · 2011Article
- Contrasting roles for TLR ligands in HIV-1 pathogenesis.PloS one · 2010Article
- Short- and long-term changes in gene expression mediated by the activation of TLR9.Molecular immunology · 2010Article
- HSV type 2 infection increases HIV DNA detection in vaginal tissue of mice expressing human CD4 and CCR5.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2009Article
- Influence of the tissue microenvironment on Toll-like receptor expression by CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells isolated from mucosal tissues.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exploits Toll-like receptor signaling during the host-pathogen interaction.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Alteration of TLR3 pathways by glucocorticoids may be responsible for immunosusceptibility of human corneal epithelial cells to viral infections.Molecular vision · 2009Article
- Inductive and suppressive networks regulate TLR9-dependent gene expression in vivo.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2009Article
- Role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the immune control of recurrent human herpes simplex virus infection.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- Overexpression of interleukin-15 compromises CD4-dependent adaptive immune responses against herpes simplex virus 2.Journal of virology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are the entry sites for the vast majority of infectious pathogens and provide the first line of defense against infection. In addition to the epithelial barrier, the innate immune system plays a key role in recognizing and rapidly responding to invading pathogens via innate receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR). Bacterial CpG DNA, a potent activator of innate immunity, is recognized by TLR9. Here, we confirm that local mucosal, but not systemic, delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to the genital tract protects mice from a subsequent lethal vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) challenge. Since these effects were so local in action, we examined the genital mucosa. Local delivery of CpG ODN induced rapid proliferation and thickening of the genital epithelium and caused significant recruitment of inflammatory cells to the submucosa. Local CpG ODN treatment also resulted in inhibition of HSV-2 replication but had no effect on HSV-2 entry into the genital mucosa. CpG ODN-induced protection against HSV-2 was not associated with early increases in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion in the genital tract, and CpG ODN-treated IFN-gamma(-/-) mice were protected from subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of HSV-2. Treatment of human HEK-293 cells transfected with murine TLR9 showed that the antiviral activity of CpG ODN was mediated through TLR9. These studies suggest that local induction of mucosal innate immunity can provide protection against sexually transmitted infections, such as HSV-2 or possibly human immunodeficiency virus, at the mucosal surfaces.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.