ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2003
Secular trends in sex ratios at birth in North America and Europe over the second half of the 20th century.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Sex ratio at birth across 100 years in Sweden and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality - a national register study.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Maternal and paternal serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and the secondary sex ratio: A population-based preconception cohort study.Environmental research · 2018Article
- Revisiting the Trivers-Willard theory on birth sex ratio bias: Role of paternal condition in a Malagasy primate.PloS one · 2018Article
- Live birth sex ratios and father's geographic origins in Jerusalem, 1964-1976.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2017Article
- Maternal and paternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the secondary sex ratio.Chemosphere · 2015Article
- Couples' urinary bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite concentrations and the secondary sex ratio.Environmental research · 2015Article
- Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sperm sex chromosome ratio in men from the Faroe Islands.Environment international · 2014Article
- Girl or boy? Prenatal lead, cadmium and mercury exposure and the secondary sex ratio in the ALSPAC study.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- The effect of warfare on the secular trends in sex ratios at birth in Israel, Egypt, and Kuwait over the past 60 years.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2014Article
- Gender differences among children with autism spectrum disorder: differential symptom patterns.Global advances in health and medicine · 2013Article
- Sex ratios at birth in the British Isles over the past sixty years.European journal of pediatrics · 2013Article
- Impact of earthquakes on sex ratio at birth: Eastern Marmara earthquakes.Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association · 2013Article
- Does famine influence sex ratio at birth? Evidence from the 1959-1961 Great Leap Forward Famine in China.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2012Article
- Maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and the secondary sex ratio: an occupational cohort study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2011Article
- Declining sex ratio in a first nation community.Environmental health perspectives · 2005Article
- Human semen quality and the secondary sex ratio.Asian journal of andrologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextA previous study showed that significantly more boys were born in southern latitudes in Europe than in northern latitudes and the converse pattern was observed in North America.
objectiveThis study analyses secular trends in gender ratios for live births over the second half of the 20th century. DESIGN, SETTING,
participantsAnalysis was carried out from a World Health Organisation dataset comprising live births over the above period. This included 127034732 North American and 157947117 European live births.
main outcome measuresAnalysis of trends in gender ratios for countries in both continents.
resultsThe findings show a highly significant overall decline in male births in both Europe and North America (p<0.0001), particularly in Mexico (p<0.0001). Interestingly, in Europe, male births declined in North European countries (latitude>40 degrees, p<0.0001) while rising in Mediterranean countries (latitude congruent with 35-40 degrees, p<0.0001). These trends produced an overall European male live birth deficit 238693 and a North American deficit of 954714 (total male live birth deficit 1193407).
conclusionsNo reasonable explanation/s for the observed trends have been identified and the causes for these trends may well be multifactorial.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.