ReviewFolia microbiologica2003
Modulatory effects of selenium and zinc on the immune system.
Review in Folia microbiologica, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Levels of Vitamins and Trace Elements in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Biological trace element research · 2024Pooled it
- Neglected tropical diseases and vitamin B12: a review of the current evidence.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2018Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Development of Technology of Restructured Meat Products Using Biotechnological Methods of Transformation of Functional and Technological Properties of Raw Materials.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of Diet and Dietary Patterns on the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Tumors.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Environmental chemical-wide associations with immune biomarkers in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis.Environmental research · 2024Article
- The Role of Zinc in Developed Countries in Pediatric Patients: A 360-Degree View.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Role of Nutrients in Pediatric Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Correct Supplementation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Mineral Composition and Consumer Acceptability of Amaranthus Leaf Powder SupplementedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Possible Role of Selected Vitamins and Minerals in the Therapeutic Outcomes of Leishmaniasis.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- Essential and Toxic Mineral Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Colostrum in Dairy Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Effect of Curcumin as Feed Supplement on Immune Response and Pathological Changes of Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Long COVID-19 in Children: From the Pathogenesis to the Biologically Plausible Roots of the Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Fucoidan Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA Damage, and Hepatorenal Injuries in Diabetic Rats Intoxicated with Aflatoxin BOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- Arsenic-induced inflammation in workers.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Measuring energy, macro and micronutrient intake in UK children and adolescents: a comparison of validated dietary assessment tools.BMC nutrition · 2019Article
- Trace Element Levels in the Elders over 80 from the Hainan Province of China.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Almost all nutrients in the diet play a crucial role in maintaining an "optimal" immune response, and both insufficient and excessive intakes can have negative consequences on the immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. We summarize the evidence for the importance of two micronutrients, selenium and zinc, and describe the mechanisms through which they affect the immune status and other physiological functions. As a constituent of selenoproteins, selenium is needed for the proper functioning of neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, T lymphocytes and some other immune mechanisms. Elevated selenium intake may be associated with reduced cancer risk and may alleviate other pathological conditions including oxidative stress and inflammation. Selenium appears to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. It is required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Selenium deficiency has been linked to adverse mood states and some findings suggest that selenium deficiency may be a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. Zinc is required as a catalytic, structural and regulatory ion for enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, and is thus a key trace element in many homeostatic mechanisms of the body, including immune responses. Low zinc ion bioavailability results in limited immunoresistance to infection in aging. Physiological supplementation of zinc for 1-2 months restores immune responses, reduces the incidence of infections and prolongs survival. However, in every single individual zinc supplementation of food should be adjusted to the particular zinc status in views of the great variability in habitat conditions, health status and dietary requirements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.