SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2003
A systematic review of socioeconomic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of cheese and milk.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A global analysis of dairy consumption and incident cardiovascular disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Dairy intake and risk of hip fracture in prospective cohort studies: non-linear algorithmic dose-response analysis in 486 950 adults.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Determinants of Sodium Intake in Adult Populations of High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of public health · 2017Pooled it
- Socio-economic determinants of micronutrient intake and status in Europe: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2014Pooled it
- Socioeconomic differences in dietary habits in Italy before and during COVID-19 pandemic: secondary analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Correlation between Dietary Intake of Vitamins and Oral Health Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic differences in animal food consumption: Education rather than income makes a difference.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Principles of Sustainable Healthy Diets in Worldwide Dietary Guidelines: Efforts So Far and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2021Review
- A comparison of diet quality indices in a nationally representative cross-sectional study of Iranian households.Nutrition journal · 2020Article
- The Evaluation and Use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Among the Population in Trivandrum, South Kerala, India.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Body Mass Index, Lean Mass, and Body Fat Percentage as Mediators of the Relationship between Milk Consumption and Bone Health in Young Adults.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Article
- Interpretation of milk research results.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Article
- Household income is associated with food and nutrient intake in Japanese schoolchildren, especially on days without school lunch.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
- Climates on incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in 72 countries.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
- Independent association between socioeconomic indicators and macro- and micro-nutrient intake in Switzerland.PloS one · 2017Article
- The effect of dairy consumption on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research · 2017Review
- Socio-economic indicators are independently associated with intake of animal foods in French adults.Public health nutrition · 2016Article
- Access to Difficult-to-reach Population Subgroups: A Family Midwife Based Home Visiting Service for Implementing Nutrition-related Preventive Activities - A Mixed Methods Explorative Study.AIMS public health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess differences in cheese and milk consumption across socioeconomic groups in representative samples from several European countries.
designA meta-analysis of published and unpublished surveys of food habits performed in nine European countries between 1985 and 1999. Educational and occupational levels were used as indicators of socio-economic status.
resultsA higher socioeconomic status was associated with a greater consumption of cheese. The pooled estimate of the difference in cheese consumption between women in the highest vs the lowest educational level was 9.0 g/day (95% CI: 7.1 to 11.0). The parallel observation in men was 6.8 g/day (95% CI: 3.4 to 10.1). Similar results were obtained using occupation as an indicator of socioeconomic status. The pooled estimates of the higher cheese consumption among subjects belonging to the highest (vs the lowest) occupational level were 5.1 g/day (95% CI: 3.7 to 6.5) in women and 4.6 g/day (95% CI: 2.1 to 7.0) in men. No statistically significant associations were found for milk consumption concerning educational or occupational level.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that consumption of cheese is likely to be higher among subjects belonging to higher socioeconomic levels. We did not find enough evidence to support that milk intake is different according to educational or social levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.