ArticleOncogene2003
Prolactin induces ERalpha-positive and ERalpha-negative mammary cancer in transgenic mice.
Article in Oncogene, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: Toxicologic mechanism and the increased breast cancer risk.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- The influence of two neurohormones on breast cancer: prolactin and melatonin.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Prolactin and DNA damage trigger an anti-breast cancer cell immune response.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The risk of concurrent malignancies in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: insights into clinical characteristics of those with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Rat Models of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
- The immunotoxin targeting PRLR increases tamoxifen sensitivity and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- The Human Intermediate Prolactin Receptor I-tail Contributes Breast Oncogenesis by Targeting Ras/MAPK Pathway.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- Esr1 but Not CYP19A1 Overexpression in Mammary Epithelial Cells during Reproductive Senescence Induces Pregnancy-Like Proliferative Mammary Disease Responsive to Anti-Hormonals.The American journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Hyperprolactinaemia is common in Chinese premenopausal women with breast diseases.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Breast Cancer and Prolactin - New Mechanisms and Models.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Prolactin is Expressed in Uterine Leiomyomas and Promotes Signaling and Fibrosis in Myometrial Cells.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family.Pituitary · 2022Review
- Prolactin receptor gene transcriptional control, regulatory modalities relevant to breast cancer resistance and invasiveness.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Prolactin: The Third Hormone in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- NSG-Pro mouse model for uncovering resistance mechanisms and unique vulnerabilities in human luminal breast cancers.Science advances · 2021Article
- Serine residues 726 and 780 have nonredundant roles regulating STAT5a activity in luminal breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cumin Prevents 17β-Estradiol-Associated Breast Cancer in ACI Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Oxytocin receptor induces mammary tumorigenesis through prolactin/p-STAT5 pathway.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Prolactin synergizes with canonical Wnt signals to drive development of ER+ mammary tumors via activation of the Notch pathway.Cancer letters · 2021Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The role of prolactin in human breast cancer has been controversial. However, it is now apparent that human mammary epithelial cells can synthesize prolactin endogenously, permitting autocrine/paracrine actions within the mammary gland that are independent of pituitary prolactin. To model this local mammary production of prolactin (PRL), we have generated mice that overexpress prolactin within mammary epithelial cells under the control of a hormonally nonresponsive promoter, neu-related lipocalin (NRL). In each of the two examined NRL-PRL transgenic mouse lineages, female virgin mice display mammary developmental abnormalities, mammary intraepithelial neoplasias, and invasive neoplasms. Prolactin increases proliferation in morphologically normal alveoli and ducts, as well as in lesions. The tumors are of varied histotype, but papillary adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous neoplasms predominate. Neoplasms can be separated into two populations: one is estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) positive (greater than 15% of the cells stain for ERalpha), and the other is ERalpha- (<3%). ERalpha expression does not correlate with tumor histotype, or proliferative or apoptotic indices. These studies provide a mouse model of hormonally dependent breast cancer, and, perhaps most strikingly, a model in which some neoplasms retain ERalpha, as occurs in the human disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.