ArticleThe American journal of pathology2003
Pathology and pathogenesis of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Treatment for Systemic Anthrax: Analysis of Cases from 1945 to 2014 Identified Through a Systematic Literature Review.Health securityPooled it
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity of Obiltoxaximab After Intramuscular Administration to Healthy Humans.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2018Trial
- Anthrax in Albania: A Comprehensive Analysis of Epidemiology, Laboratory Diagnosis, and National Control Strategies in Animals.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Mechanistic within-host mathematical model of inhalational anthrax.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Nipah virus infection: preparedness for the pathological diagnosis of an emerging Paramyxoviridae disease with epidemic potential.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Anthrax in Humans, Animals, and the Environment and the One Health Strategies for Anthrax Control.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax "cross-over" strainFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Outbreak of cutaneous anthrax associated with handling meat of dead cows in Southwestern Uganda, May 2018.Tropical medicine and health · 2022Article
- What Is Anthrax?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Complement C5 inhibition protects against hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury in anthrax peptidoglycan-induced sepsis in baboons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Cutaneous anthrax outbreak associated with handling dead animals, Rhino Camp sub-county: Arua District, Uganda, January-May 2018.One health outlook · 2021Article
- A Stochastic Intracellular Model of Anthrax Infection With Spore Germination Heterogeneity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Outbreak of Anthrax Associated with Handling and Eating Meat from a Cow, Uganda, 2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Detection of Bacillus anthracis in animal tissues using InBios active anthrax detect rapid test lateral flow immunoassay.Letters in applied microbiology · 2019Article
- Anthrax Epizootic in Wildlife, Bwabwata National Park, Namibia, 2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Serum Amyloid P and IgG Exhibit Differential Capabilities in the Activation of the Innate Immune System in Response to Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Particulate delivery systems for vaccination against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious pathogens.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2017Review
- The roles of AtxA orthologs in virulence of anthrax-like Bacillus cereus G9241.Molecular microbiology · 2016Article
- Efficacy Projection of Obiltoxaximab for Treatment of Inhalational Anthrax across a Range of Disease Severity.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Obiltoxaximab Prevents Disseminated Bacillus anthracis Infection and Improves Survival during Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis in Animal Models of Inhalational Anthrax.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During October and November 2001, public health authorities investigated 11 patients with inhalational anthrax related to a bioterrorism attack in the United States. Formalin-fixed samples from 8 patients were available for pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) study using monoclonal antibodies against the Bacillus anthracis cell wall and capsule. Prominent serosanguinous pleural effusions and hemorrhagic mediastinitis were found in 5 patients who died. Pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest radiographs corresponded to intraalveolar edema and hyaline membranes. IHC assays demonstrated abundant intra- and extracellular bacilli, bacillary fragments, and granular antigen-staining in mediastinal lymph nodes, surrounding soft tissues, and pleura. IHC staining in lung, liver, spleen, and intestine was present primarily inside blood vessels and sinusoids. Gram's staining of tissues was not consistently positive. In 3 surviving patients, IHC of pleural samples demonstrated abundant granular antigen-staining and rare bacilli while transbronchial biopsies showed granular antigen-staining in interstitial cells. In surviving patients, bacilli were not observed with gram's stains. Pathological and IHC studies of patients who died of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax confirmed the route of infection. IHC was indispensable for diagnosis of surviving anthrax cases. The presence of B. anthracis antigens in the pleurae could explain the prominent and persistent hemorrhagic pleural effusions.
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