ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2003
Interleukin 1alpha promotes Th1 differentiation and inhibits disease progression in Leishmania major-susceptible BALB/c mice.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Flavonoids in the treatment ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediates protective immunity in early experimental leishmaniasis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Humanised Mice in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis-T-Cell Recruitment Into Human Skin Transplants After Leishmania major Infection.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapeutic Strategies as Potential Treatment Options for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Immunohistochemical Characterization of M1, M2, and M4 Macrophages in Leprosy Skin Lesions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in the Toxoplasma gondii-infected dendritic cells of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2023Article
- The cytokine/chemokine response inHeliyon · 2023Review
- Putrescine supplementation shifts macrophage L-arginine metabolism related-genes reducing Leishmania amazonensis infection.PloS one · 2023Article
- Host genetic backgrounds: the key to determining parasite-host adaptation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Cytokines and Signaling Networks Regulating Disease Outcomes in Leishmaniasis.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- Cross-reactive, natural IgG recognizing L. major promote parasite internalization by dendritic cells and promote protective immunity.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Article
- miR-294 and miR-410 Negatively RegulateNon-coding RNA · 2022Article
- Network-Based Approaches Reveal Potential Therapeutic Targets for Host-Directed Antileishmanial Therapy Driving Drug Repurposing.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Potential biomarkers of immune protection in human leishmaniasis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Review
- Determinants of Unresponsiveness to Treatment in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Focus on Anthroponotic Form Due toFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Previous History of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis Alters Susceptibility and Immune Response AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Unravelling the unsolved paradoxes of cytokine families in host resistance and susceptibility toCytokine: X · 2020Article
- Dual transcriptome analysis reveals differential gene expression modulation influenced byMicrobial genomics · 2020Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Protective immunity against pathogens such as Leishmania major is mediated by interleukin (IL)-12-dependent Th1-immunity. We have shown previously that skin-dendritic cells (DCs) from both resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible BALB/c mice release IL-12 when infected with L. major, and infected BALB/c DCs effectively vaccinate against leishmaniasis. To determine if cytokines other than IL-12 might influence disease outcome, we surveyed DCs from both strains for production of a variety of cytokines. Skin-DCs produced significantly less IL-1alpha in response to lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma or L. major when expanded from BALB/c as compared with C57BL/6 mice. In addition, IL-1alpha mRNA accumulation in lymph nodes of L. major-infected BALB/c mice was approximately 3-fold lower than that in C57BL/6 mice. Local injections of IL-1alpha during the first 3 d after infection led to dramatic, persistent reductions in lesion sizes. In L. major-infected BALB/c mice, IL-1alpha administration resulted in increased Th1- and strikingly decreased Th2-cytokine production. IL-1alpha and IL-12 treatments were similarly effective, and IL-1alpha efficacy was strictly IL-12 dependent. These data indicate that transient local administration of IL-1alpha acts in conjunction with IL-12 to influence Th-development in cutaneous leishmaniasis and prevents disease progression in susceptible BALB/c mice, perhaps by enhancing DC-induced Th1-education. Differential production of IL-1 by C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice may provide a partial explanation for the disparate outcomes of infection in these mouse strains.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.