ArticleJournal of the National Medical Association2003
Experiences of racist events are associated with negative health consequences for African American women.
Article in Journal of the National Medical Association, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analytic review of the relationship between racial discrimination and alcohol and other drug use outcomes in minoritised racial/ethnic groups.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of interpersonal discrimination and health-related behaviors.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2022Pooled it
- Racial discrimination and alcohol use and negative drinking consequences among Black Americans: a meta-analytical review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review.Psychological bulletin · 2009Pooled it
- Building the African American/Black Community's Capacity to Elucidate Factors for High Smoking Rates in Jackson, MS: Results from Implementing a Community-Led Needs Assessment.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Coping While Black: Comparing Coping Strategies Across COVID-19 and the Killing of Black People.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- A longitudinal pathway from ethnic-racial discrimination to sexual risk behaviors among Black women and Latinas: Ethnic-racial identity exploration as a protective factor.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Maybe they had a bad day: how LGBTQ and BIPOC patients react to bias in healthcare and struggle to speak out.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2022Article
- Development of the multidimensional health perceptions questionnaire in English and Spanish.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2022Article
- Traditional risk and cultural protection: Correlates of alcohol and cannabis co-use among African-American adolescents.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021Article
- Hair Cortisol Concentration and Perceived Chronic Stress in Low-Income Urban Pregnant and Postpartum Black Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Perceived Stigma in Health Care Settings and the Physical and Mental Health of People of Color in the United States.Health equity · 2019Article
- A Preliminary Study of the Relationship between Perceived Racism and Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery in Native Hawaiians.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2018Article
- The Role of Stressful Life Events and Cultural Factors on Criminal Thinking among African American Women Involved in the Criminal Justice System.Criminal justice and behavior · 2018Article
- Past racial discrimination exacerbates the effects of racial exclusion on negative affect, perceived control, and alcohol-risk cognitions among Black young adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2017Article
- The Impact of Racism on the Sexual and Reproductive Health of African American Women.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2016Article
- Racial Discrimination, Cultural Resilience, and Stress.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2016Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol misuse among women: effects of ethnic minority stressors.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2016Article
- Racial Discrimination and HIV-related Risk Behaviors in Southeast Louisiana.American journal of health behavior · 2016Article
- Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigated whether experiences of racist events were related to psychological distress, negative health behaviors, and health problems. Participants were 71 African American women (mean age 44.4) who were recruited from an urban cancer-screening clinic as part of a larger longitudinal study on familial risk of breast cancer. Participants completed three study assessments, approximately one month apart, and data were collected via self-report. Correlational analyses revealed that past year and lifetime racism were both related to psychological distress. Among smokers and drinkers, past year racism was positively correlated with number of cigarettes and drinks consumed. Lifetime racism was negatively related to perceived health, and positively related to lifetime history of physical disease and frequency of recent common colds. Analyses using a general linear model revealed that these relationships were largely unaccounted for by other variables. In addition, demographic variables such as income and education were not related to experiences of racism. The results suggest that racism can be detrimental to African American's well being and should be investigated in health disparities research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
12856911PMC2594553W85388199What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.