ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2003
Gamma interferon responses induced by a panel of recombinant and purified mycobacterial antigens in healthy, non-mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated Malawian young adults.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age may result in an enhanced memory CD4 T cell response.Vaccine · 2009Trial
- Evaluation of the cross-immunity between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus in vitro.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Tuberculosis Continued as Global Challenge Though the Burden Remained High in Low-Income and High-Income Countries.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2018Article
- Circulating and Tissue-Resident CD4Gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Immunological consequences of intragenus conservation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis T-cell epitopes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Article
- Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in Sudan: a case-control study comparing interferon-γ release assay and tuberculin skin test.BMC public health · 2013Article
- The immune response to tuberculosis infection in the setting of Helicobacter pylori and helminth infections.Epidemiology and infection · 2013Article
- Article
- Article
- What has Karonga taught us? Tuberculosis studied over three decades.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2009Article
- Article
- MIG (CXCL9) is a more sensitive measure than IFN-gamma of vaccine induced T-cell responses in volunteers receiving investigated malaria vaccines.Journal of immunological methods · 2009Article
- Distribution of environmental mycobacteria in Karonga District, northern Malawi.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2006Article
- Evaluation of T-cell responses to novel RD1- and RD2-encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene products for specific detection of human tuberculosis infection.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Gamma interferon-based immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: comparison between whole-blood and enzyme-linked immunospot methods.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously shown that young adults living in a rural area of northern Malawi showed greater gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses to purified protein derivatives (PPD) prepared from environmental mycobacteria than to PPD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to define the mycobacterial species to which individuals living in a rural African population have been exposed and sensitized, we tested T-cell recognition of recombinant and purified antigens from M. tuberculosis (38 kDa, MPT64, and ESAT-6), M. bovis (MPB70), M. bovis BCG (Ag85), and M. leprae (65 kDa, 35 kDa, and 18 kDa) in >600 non-M. bovis BCG-vaccinated young adults in the Karonga District of northern Malawi. IFN-gamma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in day 6 supernatants of diluted whole-blood cultures. The recombinant M. leprae 35-kDa and 18-kDa and purified native M. bovis BCG Ag85 antigens induced the highest percentages of responders, though both leprosy and bovine tuberculosis are now rare in this population. The M. tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6 and MPT64 and the M. bovis antigen MPB70 induced the lowest percentages of responders. One of the subjects subsequently developed extrapulmonary tuberculosis; this individual had a 15-mm-diameter reaction to the Mantoux test and responded to M. tuberculosis PPD, Ag85, MPT64, and ESAT-6 but not to any of the leprosy antigens. We conclude that in this rural African population, exposure to M. tuberculosis or M. bovis is much less frequent than exposure to environmental mycobacteria such as M. avium, which have antigens homologous to the M. leprae 35-kDa and 18-kDa antigens. M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 showed the strongest association with the size of the Mantoux skin test induration, suggesting that among the three M. tuberculosis antigens tested it provided the best indication of exposure to, or infection with, M. tuberculosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.