Evidence map›Paper›PMID 12848278›Full record

ReviewLipids2003

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: from molecular biology to the clinic.

Philip C Calder

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lipids, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
130citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
25.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

130 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 498 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Effect ofJournal of nutritional science
    Pooled it
  9. Trial
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  17. Omega-3 fatty acids effect on wound healing.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
    Trial
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Philip C CalderInstitute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom. pcc@soton.ac.uk
University of Southampton · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The immune system is involved in host defense against infectious agents, tumor cells, and environmental insults. Inflammation is an important component of the early immunologic response. Inappropriate or dysfunctional immune responses underlie acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and related compounds that have important roles in inflammation and in the regulation of immunity. Feeding fish oil results in partial replacement of AA in cell membranes by EPA. This leads to decreased production of AA-derived mediators, through several mechanisms, including decreased availability of AA, competition for cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, and decreased expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX. This alone is a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 FA. However, n-3 FA have a number of other effects that might occur downstream of altered eicosanoid production or might be independent of this effect. For example, dietary fish oil results in suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines and can modulate adhesion molecule expression. These effects occur at the level of altered gene expression. Fish oil feeding has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of some animal models of autoimmune disease and to protect against the effects of endotoxin. Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some asthmatics, supporting the idea that the n-3 FA in fish oil are anti-inflammatory. There are indications that the inclusion of fish oil in enteral and parenteral formulae is beneficial to patients.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCell Adhesion MoleculesCytokinesEicosanoidsFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, Omega-6Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedHumansInflammationTriglyceridesUp-RegulationAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCell Adhesion MoleculesCytokinesEicosanoidsFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, Omega-6Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedPikasolTriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID12848278
PMCPMC7101988
OpenAlexW2112105480

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.