ArticleGenes and immunity2003
Genetic susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in The Sudan: linkage and association with IL4 and IFNGR1.
Article in Genes and immunity, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: insights into underlying pathogenic mechanisms and genetic landscape.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis: emerging insights in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Human visceral leishmaniasis and polymorphisms in interleukin-coding genes: a systematic review.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2024Review
- A fine mapping of single nucleotide variants and haplotype analysis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Indian sub-continent: challenges and strategies for elimination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Immune Checkpoint Targets for Host-Directed Therapy to Prevent and Treat Leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Interleukin-4 receptor alpha T1432C and A1652G polymorphisms are associated with risk of visceral leishmaniasis.Advanced biomedical research · 2015Article
- Insights into the possible role of IFNG and IFNGR1 in Kala-azar and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Sudanese patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: an unresolved mystery.Trends in parasitology · 2014Review
- Lipoprotein lipase and PPAR alpha gene polymorphisms, increased very-low-density lipoprotein levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels as risk markers for the development of visceral leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Article
- MtDNA CytB Structure of Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbellidae), the Main Reservoir of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Borderline of Iran-Turkmenistan.Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2013Article
- Determinants for the development of visceral leishmaniasis disease.PLoS pathogens · 2013Review
- Vaccine Development Against Leishmania donovani.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Multifaceted population structure and reproductive strategy in Leishmania donovani complex in one Sudanese village.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
- Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in three patients co-infected with visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2011Article
- Article
- Genetic admixture in Brazilians exposed to infection with Leishmania chagasi.Annals of human genetics · 2009Article
- Genetics and visceral leishmaniasis: of mice and man.Parasite immunology · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Longitudinal studies in Sudan show ethnic differences in incidence and clinical phenotypes associated with Leishmania donovani. Immunologically, bias in type 1 vs type 2 cytokine responses is important. To determine whether polymorphisms at IL4/IL9 or IFNGR1 contribute to susceptibility, we examined 59 multicase families of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with/without post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Multipoint nonparametric analysis (Allegro) linked IL4/IL9 to VL per se (P=0.002). Transmission disequilibrium testing with robust variance estimates confirmed association in the presence of linkage between VL per se and IL4 (P=0.008) but not IL9. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed both IL4RP2 and IL4RP1 markers contributed significantly to the association, suggesting a common disease-associated haplotype. In contrast, IFNGR1 was linked (P=0.031) and associated (P=0.007) to PKDL but not VL or VL per se. Hence, polymorphism in a type 2 cytokine gene influences underlying susceptibility to VL, whereas IFNGR1 is specifically related to susceptibility to PKDL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.