ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2003
Bax and Bak can localize to the endoplasmic reticulum to initiate apoptosis.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 211 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 585 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calpain Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Neurochemical research · 2022Pooled it
- The transmembrane segments of SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 govern viral intracellular trafficking.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- REDD1/DDIT4 counteracts endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by controlling the expression of death receptor TRAILR2/DR5 in cancer cells.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Proteomic and Ubiquitinated Proteome Insights Into ER Stress Responses in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Under Mild Hypothermic Conditions.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Fine-Tuning of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Mechanism Plays a Key Role in Cellular Survival-A Mathematical Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Regulation of inflammatory processes by caspases.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Response of Juvenile Greater Amberjack (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The Protective Effect of Nimodipine in Schwann Cells Is Related to the Upregulation of LMO4 and SERCA3 Accompanied by the Fine-Tuning of Intracellular Calcium Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exploration of the renoprotective effect of Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi granules on db/db mice and the mechanism of podocyte apoptosis based on the GRP78/CHOP signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of EVs loaded with CB2 receptor agonist in spinal cord injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2024Article
- The C-terminal sequences of Bcl-2 family proteins mediate interactions that regulate cell death.The Biochemical journal · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of the Therapeutic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cells · 2024Review
- Cell-specific modulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolism by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Article
- Identification of immune-related endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy using bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Apoptotic dysregulation mediates stem cell competition and tissue regeneration.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Antioxidant System and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cataracts.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Functional Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus-Host and Virus-Virus Protein Interactions.Viruses · 2023Review
- 6-Shogaol Overcomes Gefitinib Resistance via ER Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer: Could Unfolded Protein Response Be a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Organelle-Specific Mechanisms in Crosstalk between Apoptosis and Ferroptosis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Review
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bax and Bak play a redundant but essential role in apoptosis initiated by the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors. In addition to their presence at the mitochondrial outer membrane, Bax and Bak can also localize to the ER. Agents that initiate ER stress responses can induce conformational changes and oligomerization of Bax on the ER as well as on mitochondria. In wild-type cells, this is associated with caspase 12 cleavage that is abolished in bax-/-bak-/- cells. In bax-/-bak-/- cells, introduction of Bak mutants selectively targeted to either mitochondria or the ER can induce apoptosis. However, ER-targeted, but not mitochondria-targeted, Bak leads to progressive depletion of ER Ca2+ and induces caspase 12 cleavage. In contrast, mitochondria-targeted Bak leads to enhanced caspase 7 and PARP cleavage in comparison with the ER-targeted Bak. These findings demonstrate that in addition to their functions at mitochondria, Bax and Bak also localize to the ER and function to initiate a parallel pathway of caspase activation and apoptosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.