Trial reportJournal of clinical microbiology2003
Severity of nonbullous Staphylococcus aureus impetigo in children is associated with strains harboring genetic markers for exfoliative toxin B, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and the multidrug resistance plasmid pSK41.
Trial report in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for impetigo.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Spread of the FAR-MRSA clone, a fusidic acid- and meticillin-resistantEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Article
- Isolation, Identification, and Susceptibility Profile ofVeterinary medicine international · 2022Article
- Virulence Characteristics ofMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections: Evidence based on human immunity, genetics and bacterial evasion mechanisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Combining in vitro protein detection and in vivo antibody detection identifies potential vaccine targets against Staphylococcus aureus during osteomyelitis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2017Article
- Toxigenic profile of methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from special groups.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2016Article
- Article
- Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are natural hosts of specific Staphylococcus aureus lineages.PloS one · 2011Article
- Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus sciuri in the Indonesian population.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Article
- Association of recurrent furunculosis with Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the genetic background of Staphylococcus aureus.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2010Article
- Unusually high prevalence of panton-valentine leukocidin genes among methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains carried in the Indonesian population.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2008Article
- Characterization of the epidemic European fusidic acid-resistant impetigo clone of Staphylococcus aureus.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2007Article
- Host- and tissue-specific pathogenic traits of Staphylococcus aureus.Journal of bacteriology · 2005Article
- Staphylococcus aureus isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes in England and Wales: frequency, characterization, and association with clinical disease.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2005Article
- Staphylococcal skin infections in children: rational drug therapy recommendations.Paediatric drugs · 2005Review
- Natural population dynamics and expansion of pathogenic clones of Staphylococcus aureus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2004Article
- Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Switzerland contains the Panton-Valentine leukocidin or exfoliative toxin genes.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nonbullous impetigo is a common skin infection in children and is frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal toxins and especially exfoliative toxin A are known mediators of bullous impetigo in children. It is not known whether this is also true for nonbullous impetigo. We set out to analyze clonality among clinical isolates of S. aureus from children with nonbullous impetigo living in a restricted geographical area in The Netherlands. We investigated whether staphylococcal nasal carriage and the nature of the staphylococcal strains were associated with the severity and course of impetigo. Bacterial isolates were obtained from the noses and wounds of children suffering from impetigo. Strains were genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-mediated typing and binary typing, which was also used to assess toxin gene content. In addition, a detailed clinical questionnaire was filled in by each of the participating patients. Staphylococcal nasal carriage seems to predispose the patients to the development of impetigo, and 34% of infections diagnosed in the Rotterdam area are caused by one clonal type of S. aureus. The S. aureus strains harbor the exfoliative toxin B (ETB) gene as a specific virulence factor. In particular, the numbers (P = 0.002) and sizes (P < 0.001) of the lesions were increased in patients infected with an ETB-positive strain. Additional predictors of disease severity and development could be identified. The presence of a staphylococcal plasmid encoding multiple antibiotic resistance traits, as detected by binary typing, was associated with a reduction in the cure rate. Our results recognize that a combination of staphylococcal virulence and resistance genes rather than a single gene determines the development and course of nonbullous impetigo. The identification of these microbial genetic markers, which are predictive of the severity and the course of the disease, will facilitate guided individualized antimicrobial therapy in the future.
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