ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2003
Birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four U.S. Wheat-producing states.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping temporal trends of pesticide use and identifying potential non-occupation population exposure using a geospatial approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts by maternal rural-urban residence and race/ethnicity: A population-based case-control study in Washington State 1989-2014.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2021Article
- Effect of different doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on cardiac parameters in male Wistar rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
- Association of prenatal pesticide exposures with adverse pregnancy outcomes and stunting in rural Bangladesh.Environment international · 2019Article
- Association of pesticide exposure with human congenital abnormalities.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2018Review
- Agricultural pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes in the San Joaquin Valley of California.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Ultimate Links to Human Disease.Environmental health insights · 2016Article
- Seasonality in birth defects, agricultural production and urban location.Economics and human biology · 2014Article
- Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risk of selected congenital heart defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California.Environmental research · 2014Article
- Metabolomics tools for describing complex pesticide exposure in pregnant women in Brittany (France).PloS one · 2013Article
- Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2012Review
- Impact on fetal growth of prenatal exposure to pesticides due to agricultural activities: a prospective cohort study in Brittany, France.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2010Article
- The importance of children's environmental health for the field of maternal and child health: a wake-up call.Maternal and child health journal · 2010Article
- Perturbation of lipids and glucose metabolism associated with previous 2,4-D exposure: a cross-sectional study of NHANES III data, 1988-1994.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2010Article
- Agrichemicals in surface water and birth defects in the United States.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2009Article
- A GIS-based method for household recruitment in a prospective pesticide exposure study.International journal of health geographics · 2008Article
- Pesticides in surface drinking-water supplies of the northern Great Plains.Environmental health perspectives · 2007Article
- Pesticide assessment: Protecting public health on the home turf.Paediatrics & child health · 2006Article
- Major congenital malformations and residential proximity to a regional industrial park including a national toxic waste site: an ecological study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2006Article
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in the United States and Western Europe for broadleaf weed control in grain farming and park maintenance. Most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the United States is grown in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, with more than 85% of the acreage treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Rates of adverse birth outcomes in rural, agricultural counties of these states during 1995-1997 were studied by comparing counties with a high proportion of wheat acreage and those with a lower proportion. Information routinely collected and made available by federal agencies was used for this ecologic study. Significant increases in birth malformations were observed for the circulatory/respiratory category for combined sexes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-2.55]. A stronger effect was observed for the subcategory, which excluded heart malformations (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.14-3.59). In addition, infants conceived during April-June--the time of herbicide application--had an increased chance of being diagnosed with circulatory/respiratory (excluding heart) malformations compared with births conceived during other months of the year (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.80). Musculoskeletal/integumental anomalies increased for combined sexes in the high-wheat counties (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.12). Infant death from congenital anomalies significantly increased in high-wheat counties for males (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.52-4.65) but not for females (OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.20-1.15). These results are especially of concern because of widespread use of chlorophenoxy herbicides.
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