ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003
A microscopic view of ion conduction through the K+ channel.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of sodium self-inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) using classical and medium-throughput automated two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Conductance of a potassium channel in the limit of zero membrane potential.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- An Expanded Markov State Model-Transition Path Theory Framework for Ion Conduction Reactive Pathways through Membrane Channels.The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Role of Water Models in Simulations of Ion Conduction in Potassium Channels.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2026Article
- The Role of Architectural Forces in Ion Selectivity.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Multistate Kinetic Model of the Sodium-Potassium ATPase.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Preorganized Electric Fields in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Dissecting current rectification through asymmetric nanopores.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Do selectivity filter carbonyls in KJournal of structural biology: X · 2024Article
- Mimicking classical noise in ion channels by quantum decoherence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Water inside the Selectivity Filter of a KJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Designing artificial ion channels with strict KNational science review · 2023Article
- Probing Ion Configurations in the KcsA Selectivity Filter with Single-Isotope Labels and 2D IR Spectroscopy.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Modeling control and transduction of electrochemical gradients in acid-stressed bacteria.iScience · 2023Article
- Molecular rearrangements in S6 during slow inactivation in Shaker-IR potassium channels.The Journal of general physiology · 2023Article
- Ion channel selectivity through ion-modulated changes of selectivity filter pProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Multi-oligomeric states of alamethicin ion channel: Assemblies and conductance.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Ion Conduction Mechanisms in Potassium Channels Revealed by Permeation Cycles.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2023Article
- Ion permeation, selectivity, and electronic polarization in fluoride channels.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Stable potassium isotopes (Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Recent results from x-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics free-energy simulations have revealed the existence of a number of specific cation-binding sites disposed along the narrow pore of the K+ channel from Streptomyces lividans (KcsA), suggesting that K+ ions might literally "hop" in single file from one binding site to the next as permeation proceeds. In support of this view, it was found that the ion configurations correspond to energy wells of similar depth and that ion translocation is opposed only by small energy barriers. Although such features of the multiion potential energy surface are certainly essential for achieving a high throughput rate, diffusional and dissipative dynamical factors must also be taken into consideration to understand how rapid conduction of K+ is possible. To elucidate the mechanism of ion conduction, we established a framework theory enabling the direct simulation of nonequilibrium fluxes by extending the results of molecular dynamics over macroscopically long times. In good accord with experimental measurements, the simulated maximum conductance of the channel at saturating concentration is on the order of 550 and 360 pS for outward and inward ions flux, respectively, with a unidirectional flux-ratio exponent of 3. Analysis of the ion-conduction process reveals a lack of equivalence between the cation-binding sites in the selectivity filter.
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