Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003
Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 604 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-label Study Of MDX-010 In Combination With gp100 Peptides Emulsified With Montanide ISA 51 In The Treatment Of Patients With Stage IV Melanoma
Phase II Evaluation of RFT5-dgA in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Who cites it
604 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,570 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunotherapeutic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Dawn of Monitoring Regulatory T Cells in (Pre-)clinical Studies: Their Relevance Is Slowly Recognised.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Incidence of Endocrine Dysfunction Following the Use of Different Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA oncology · 2018Pooled it
- High-dose glucocorticoid treatment vs. glucocorticoid replacement in immune checkpoint inhibitor associated hypophysitis (CORTICI): an open, randomised controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2025Trial
- Ipilimumab plus Lenalidomide after Allogeneic and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018Trial
- Treatment-Related Adverse Events Predict Improved Clinical Outcome in NSCLC Patients on KEYNOTE-001 at a Single Center.Cancer immunology research · 2018Trial
- Characterization of a Phage Display-Selected scFv Against Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Isolated from a Naïve Human Library.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Multiple molecular mimics in Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1, and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Notch signaling in the tumor microenvironment: recent advances and targeted therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Associations between Immune-related Adverse Events and Prognosis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Preclinical ex vivo and in vivo models to study immunotherapy agents and their combinations as predictive tools toward the clinic.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- pH-dependent dissociation from CTLA-4 in early endosomes improves both safety and antitumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Towards the Prediction of Responses to Cancer Immunotherapy: A Multi-Omics Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Rare But Fatal Toxicity: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2025Review
- Current trends in sensitizing immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- PPARδ restrains the suppression function of intra-tumoral Tregs by limiting CIITA-MHC II expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Isolated hypoprolactinemia: The rarest of the rare?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- An overview on the interaction between non-coding RNAs and CTLA-4 gene in human diseases.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
544 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical immunoregulatory molecule (expressed on activated T cells and a subset of regulatory T cells) capable of down-regulating T cell activation. Blockade of CTLA-4 has been shown in animal models to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. We thus treated 14 patients with metastatic melanoma by using serial i.v. administration of a fully human anti-CTLA-4 antibody (MDX-010) in conjunction with s.c. vaccination with two modified HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides from the gp100 melanoma-associated antigen, gp100:209-217(210M) and gp100:280-288(288V). This blockade of CTLA-4 induced grade III/IV autoimmune manifestations in six patients (43%), including dermatitis, enterocolitis, hepatitis, and hypophysitis, and mediated objective cancer regression in three patients (21%; two complete and one partial responses). This study establishes CTLA-4 as an important molecule regulating tolerance to "self" antigens in humans and suggests a role for CTLA-4 blockade in breaking tolerance to human cancer antigens for cancer immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.