ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2003
Interactive effect of the glutathione S-transferase genes and cigarette smoking on occurrence and severity of coronary artery risk.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated analysis on the association ofThe Journal of international medical research · 2022Pooled it
- An updated meta-analysis showed smoking modify the association of GSTM1 null genotype on the risk of coronary heart disease.Bioscience reports · 2021Pooled it
- Association between GSTM1 null genotype and coronary artery disease risk: a meta-analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2014Pooled it
- GSTT1 null genotype contributes to coronary heart disease risk: a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2012Pooled it
- The role of glutathione S-transferases in human disease pathogenesis and their current inhibitors.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Association of Glutathione S-TransferaseReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2020Article
- Association ofInternational journal of general medicine · 2020Article
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway: Role, regulation and intervention in atherosclerosis therapy (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2019Review
- The role of oxidative DNA damage and GSTM1, GSTT1, and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms in coronary artery disease risk.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2016Article
- Associations of GSTM1*0 and GSTA1*A genotypes with the risk of cardiovascular death among hemodialyses patients.BMC nephrology · 2014Article
- Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and coronary artery disease risk: a meta-analysis.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2014Article
- Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotypes and myocardial infarction.Molecular biology reports · 2013Article
- Association of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke risk in the Chinese Han population.Neural regeneration research · 2012Article
- The association between GSTT1, M1, and P1 polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in Western Iran.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2011Article
- Non-Jewish Israeli IBD patients have significantly higher glutathione S-transferase GSTT1-null frequency.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2011Article
- Associations between GSTM1 and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms and smoking on chromosomal damage and birth growth in mothers.Molecular biology reports · 2011Article
- Association analysis of GSTT1, GSTM1 genotype polymorphisms and serum total GST activity with ischemic stroke risk.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2010Article
- The common variant in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-only study.Molecular biology reports · 2010Article
- Glutathione-S-transferase P protects against endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to tobacco smoke.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2009Article
- Impact of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms on the smoking-related coronary artery disease.Journal of Korean medical science · 2008Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the main causes of death in developed countries. Mortality trends for these diseases suggest that they share common pathogenetic mechanisms. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a family of enzymes that detoxify reactive electrophiles, particularly present in tobacco smoke. Glutathione S-transferase null M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genotypes have often been associated with increased risk of developing cancer. Our hypothesis was that the polymorphic GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes modulate the risk of smoking-coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated the distribution of GST genotypes in 430 angiographically defined patients (308 CAD and 122 non-CAD). The frequencies of GST null genotypes did not differ significantly between patients with CAD and without CAD. However, smokers with GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes had a significantly higher risk of CAD than never-smokers with these genotypes present (OR 2.2 and 3.4 for smokers with null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, respectively). There was also evidence of multiple interaction between GSTM1 and GSTT1 deleted genotypes and smoking. In nonsmokers carrying both null genotypes the risk of CAD was 0.66. In smokers with both present genotypes the OR was 1.5 and was significantly increased in smokers with concurrent lack for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes (OR=4.0). Moreover, smokers lacking GST genes had both more stenosed vessels and a higher Duke score than smokers expressing the genes. We also examined the levels of DNA damage in 66 men patients using the micronucleus test, a sensitive assay for evaluating chromosome damage. Micronucleus levels were higher in smokers with null genes than in smokers with present genes. These observations suggest that GST-null genotypes strengthen the effect of smoking on CAD risk by modulating the detoxification of genotoxic atherogens.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.