ArticleGut2003
Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infection with enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC).
Article in Gut, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 238 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Cancer Patients by Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium Animalis Subspecies. Lactis BB-12 in Combination With Inulin and Oligofructose
Prevention of Irinotecan Induced Diarrhea by Probiotics: A Phase III Study
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 638 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics and gastrointestinal disorders: an umbrella meta-analysis of therapeutic efficacy.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Higher Yogurt Consumption Is Associated With Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Probiotics for preventing postoperative infection in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2019Pooled it
- Role of probiotics in short bowel syndrome in infants and children--a systematic review.Nutrients · 2013Pooled it
- Probiotics, prebiotics infant formula use in preterm or low birth weight infants: a systematic review.Nutrition journal · 2012Pooled it
- Effects of Dietary Bacillus licheniformis on Gut Physical Barrier, Immunity, and Reproductive Hormones of Laying Hens.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2017Trial
- Recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor-secreting Lactococcus lactis promotes the growth performance of early-weaned piglets.BMC veterinary research · 2014Trial
- Effects of probiotics supplementation on gastrointestinal permeability, inflammation and exercise performance in the heat.European journal of applied physiology · 2014Trial
- Randomized pilot trial of a synbiotic dietary supplement in chronic HIV-1 infection.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2012Trial
- Effects of the enteral administration of Bifidobacterium breve on patients undergoing chemotherapy for pediatric malignancies.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2010Trial
- Microbiota-derived metabolite landscapes modulate Fusobacterium fitness and colorectal cancer cell behaviour.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Effects of guava pomace combined with gut modulators on growth performance, cecal histomorphology and gene expression in rabbits.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigation of the Effects of Postbiotics Obtained fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Immunomodulatory Profiles ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Phenolic Profile and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Salvia officinalis L. Hydrodistillation Wastewater.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
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- Identification and Biological Characterization of a Novel NRF2 Activator Molecule Released From the Membranes of Heat-Treated Bifidobacterium breve NCC 2950.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adhesion via aptamers prevents infection in IPEC-J2 cells.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum strains desialylate MUC13 and increase intestinal epithelial barrier function.Scientific reports · 2025Article
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe colonic epithelium maintains a life long reciprocally beneficial interaction with the colonic microbiota. Disruption is associated with mucosal injury.
aimsWe hypothesised that probiotics may limit epithelial damage induced by enteroinvasive pathogens, and promote restitution.
methodsHuman intestinal epithelial cell lines (HT29/cl.19A and Caco-2) were exposed to enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC 029:NM), and/or probiotics (Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), ATCC19258, and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), ATCC4356). Infected cells and controls were assessed for transepithelial resistance, chloride secretory responses, alterations in cytoskeletal and tight junctional proteins, and responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation.
resultsExposure of cell monolayers to live ST/LA, but not to heat inactivated ST/LA, significantly limited adhesion, invasion, and physiological dysfunction induced by EIEC. Antibiotic killed ST/LA reduced adhesion somewhat but were less effective in limiting the consequences of EIEC invasion of cell monolayers. Furthermore, live ST/LA alone increased transepithelial resistance, contrasting markedly with the fall in resistance evoked by EIEC infection, which could also be blocked by live ST/LA. The effect of ST/LA on resistance was accompanied by maintenance (actin, ZO-1) or enhancement (actinin, occludin) of cytoskeletal and tight junctional protein phosphorylation. ST/LA had no effect on chloride secretion by themselves but reversed the increase in basal secretion evoked by EIEC. EIEC also reduced the ability of EGF to activate its receptor, which was reversed by ST/LA.
conclusionsLive ST/LA interact with intestinal epithelial cells to protect them from the deleterious effect of EIEC via mechanisms that include, but are not limited to, interference with pathogen adhesion and invasion. Probiotics likely also enhance the barrier function of naïve epithelial cells not exposed to any pathogen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.