ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2003
Protamine mRNA as molecular marker for spermatozoa in semen stains.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in forensic investigation of seminal fluid- a scoping review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- High resolution tissue and cell type identification via single cell transcriptomic profiling.PloS one · 2025Article
- RNA Analysis in Forensic Molecular Biology.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Review
- Establishment of a co-analysis system for personal identification and body fluid identification: a preliminary report.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- "The acid test"-validation of the ParaDNA® Body Fluid ID Test for routine forensic casework.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
- Comprehensive examination of conventional and innovative body fluid identification approaches and DNA profiling of laundered blood- and saliva-stained pieces of cloths.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Article
- A 17-month time course study of human RNA and DNA degradation in body fluids under dry and humid environmental conditions.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Rapid and inexpensive body fluid identification by RNA profiling-based multiplex High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis.F1000Research · 2013Article
- Comparison of laser and mercury-arc lamp for the detection of body fluids on different substrates.International journal of legal medicine · 2008Article
- Applicability of Nanotrap Sg as a semen detection kit before male-specific DNA profiling in sexual assaults.International journal of legal medicine · 2007Article
- Y-STR analysis for detection and objective confirmation of child sexual abuse.International journal of legal medicine · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytological detection of spermatozoa with subsequent DNA analysis is the most important biological evidence in sexual crimes when suitable samples are available. Immunological and enzymatic detection of semen-specific proteins may be helpful but cannot replace specific identification of spermatozoa. We have recently shown that detection of cell-specific gene expression can be used to identify menstrual blood. In this paper we demonstrate that the basic nucleoproteins protamine 1 and 2 are suitable markers for spermatozoa because they are exclusively expressed in the haploid genome and that protamine mRNA can be detected in semen stains by the highly sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). With semi-nested PCR, 10-100 spermatozoa are theoretically sufficient to provide positive amplification results, with hot-start PCR at least 100-1,000 cells are required corresponding to an average semen volume of 0.01-0.1 microl. This new method thus allows specific identification of spermatozoa with molecular biology tools and may broaden the spectrum of investigations in the forensic laboratory.
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