ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2003
Visualization of the genesis and fate of isotype-switched B cells during a primary immune response.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human primary antibody response to vaccination follows a partially sequential class-switching program with a checkpoint at IGHG2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- A temporal map of B cell diversification mechanisms in mice.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-Proteome Analysis of Human Naive and Memory B Cell Subsets Reveals Isotype and Subclass-Specific Phenotypes.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Can invariant Natural Killer T cells drive B cell fate? a look at the humoral response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Notch2 controls developmental fate choices between germinal center and marginal zone B cells upon immunization.Nature communications · 2024Article
- B cells defined by immunoglobulin isotypes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Pandemic, Epidemic, Endemic: B Cell Repertoire Analysis Reveals Unique Anti-Viral Responses to SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Plasma cell survival: The intrinsic drivers, migratory signals, and extrinsic regulators.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Extrafollicular IgD+ B cells generate IgE antibody secreting cells in the nasal mucosa.Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- BAFFR controls early memory B cell responses but is dispensable for germinal center function.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Tracking Immunoglobulin Repertoire and Transcriptomic Changes in Germinal Center B Cells by Single-Cell Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Long-Range Control of Class Switch Recombination by Transcriptional Regulatory Elements.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Robust Plasma Cell Response to Skin-Inoculated Dengue Virus in Mice.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
- Compartments and Connections Within the Germinal Center.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Germinal Center and Extrafollicular B Cell Responses in Vaccination, Immunity, and Autoimmunity.Immunity · 2020Review
- Article
- New insights into the development of B cell responses: Implications for solid organ transplantation.Human immunology · 2019Review
- Cutting Edge: T Cell-Dependent Plasmablasts Form in the Absence of Single Differentiated CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- The formation of mutated IgM memory B cells in rat splenic marginal zones is an antigen dependent process.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The life history of isotype-switched B cells is unclear, in part, because of an inability to detect rare antigen-specific B cells at early times during the immune response. To address this issue, a small population of B cells carrying targeted antibody transgenes capable of class switching was monitored in immunized mice. After contacting helper T cells, the first switched B cells appeared in follicles rather than in the red pulp, as was expected. Later, some of the switched B cells transiently occupied the red pulp and marginal zone, whereas others persisted in germinal centers (GCs). Antigen-experienced IgM B cells were rarely found in GCs, indicating that these cells switched rapidly after entering GCs or did not persist in this environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.