ReviewInvestigational new drugs2003
Reversal of tumor-induced immunosuppression by TGF-beta inhibitors.
Review in Investigational new drugs, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase I/Ib, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation study of the anti-TGF-β monoclonal antibody, NIS793, in combination with spartalizumab in adult patients with advanced tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Next-generation CAR-T cells design: leveraging tumor features for enhanced efficacy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- TGF-β-Enriched Exosomes from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Activate Smad2/3-MMP2 and ERK1/2 Signaling to Promote Leukemic Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Immune Modulation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Engineered multifunctional transforming growth factor-β type II receptor ectodomain fusions for oncology applications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Targeting in Ovarian Cancer: Nano-Enhanced CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing and Drug Combination Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Overexpression of FNDC4 constrains ovarian cancer progression by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- The inflammatory microenvironment and the urinary microbiome in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer.Genes & diseases · 2021Review
- Role of Periostin Expression in Canine Osteosarcoma Biology and Clinical Outcome.Veterinary pathology · 2021Article
- The Hallmarks of Cancer as Ecologically Driven Phenotypes.Frontiers in ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Targeting the Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The interplay between cancer associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the context of radiation therapy.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2020Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of MSI-H/MMR-D colorectal cancer and a perspective on resistance mechanisms.British journal of cancer · 2019Review
- An Oncolytic Adenovirus Targeting Transforming Growth Factor β Inhibits Protumorigenic Signals and Produces Immune Activation: A Novel Approach to Enhance Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy.Human gene therapy · 2019Article
- A targeted transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) blocker, TTB, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- The role of macrophage phenotype in regulating the response to radiation therapy.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2018Review
- Impact of targeting transforming growth factor β-2 with antisense OT-101 on the cytokine and chemokine profile in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2018Article
- Transforming growth factor-β: A therapeutic target for cancer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Review
- The Multifaceted Roles Neutrophils Play in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society · 2015Article
- The siRNA cocktail targeting interleukin 10 receptor and transforming growth factor-β receptor on dendritic cells potentiates tumour antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system is responsible for the early detection and destruction of newly transformed malignant cells. Some transformed cells become immunologically invisible by passive avoidance of immune surveillance (i.e., when tumor cells are immunologically indistinguishable from normal cells). Other transformed cells actively secrete cytokines that effectively blind the immune system to the presence of abnormal antigens on the tumor cell surface. Transforming growth factor-beta ("TGF-beta"), which is expressed by a majority of malignant tumors, is the most potent immunosuppressor and therefore, the most likely cytokine to be responsible for the latter phenomenon. In addition to playing a key role in tumor-induced immunosuppression, TGF-beta stimulates angiogenesis. Interestingly, tumor cells eventually become refractory to TGF-beta-mediated growth arrest, either due to loss of TGF-beta receptors or due to dysregulation in TGF-beta signaling pathways. Neutralization of TGF-beta or inhibition of its production is an effective method of cancer treatment in variety of animal models. Several agents targeting TGF-beta are in the early stages of development and include anti-TGF-beta antibodies, small molecule inhibitors of TGF-beta, Smad inhibitors and antisense gene therapy. Since tumors may express more than one isoform of TGF-beta, these new drugs should target all three TGF-beta isoforms produced by human tumors. The effects of therapies targeting TGF-beta are likely to be synergistic with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Reversal of TGF-beta-induced immunosuppression is a new and promising approach to cancer therapy, with potential applications in other diseases such as AIDS.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.