ReviewOncogene2003
Repression of TGF-beta signaling by the oncogenic protein SKI in human melanomas: consequences for proliferation, survival, and metastasis.
Review in Oncogene, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- SKIDA1 sustains MLL::ENL-expressing hematopoietic progenitors during neonatal stages and promotes B-lineage priming.Blood neoplasia · 2026Article
- Article
- Suppression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell growth by SKI via upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
- A robust and interpretable gene signature for predicting the lymph node status of primary T1/T2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- SUMOylation and phosphorylation cross-talk in hepatocellular carcinoma.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2018Review
- Negative autoregulation of BMP dependent transcription by SIN3B splicing reveals a role for RBM39.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- 1p36 deletion syndrome: an update.The application of clinical genetics · 2015Review
- Ski protein levels increase during in vitro progression of HPV16-immortalized human keratinocytes and in cervical cancer.Virology · 2013Article
- FK506 binding protein 51 positively regulates melanoma stemness and metastatic potential.Cell death & disease · 2013Article
- Article
- Overexpression of SKI oncoprotein leads to p53 degradation through regulation of MDM2 protein sumoylation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Metformin suppresses growth of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via global inhibition of protein translation.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2012Article
- Alterations in the Smad pathway in human cancers.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2012Review
- CTGF is overexpressed in malignant melanoma and promotes cell invasion and migration.British journal of cancer · 2011Article
- Suppression of p53 activity through the cooperative action of Ski and histone deacetylase SIRT1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Article
- Resistance to transforming growth factor β-mediated tumor suppression in melanoma: are multiple mechanisms in place?Carcinogenesis · 2010Review
- Transforming growth factor-beta regulator SnoN modulates mammary gland branching morphogenesis, postlactational involution, and mammary tumorigenesis.Cancer research · 2010Article
- SKI promotes Smad3 linker phosphorylations associated with the tumor-promoting trait of TGFbeta.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2010Article
- SKI knockdown inhibits human melanoma tumor growth in vivo.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta ) has dual and paradoxical functions as a tumor suppressor and promoter of tumor progression and metastasis. TGF-Ji-mediated growth inhibition is gradually lost during melanoma tumor progression, but there are no measurable defects at the receptor level. Furthermore, melanoma cells release high levels of TGF-beta to the microenvironment, which upon activation induces matrix deposition, angiogenesis, survival, and transition to more aggressive phenotypes. The SKI and SnoN protein family associate with and repress the activity of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4, three members of the TGF-fl signaling pathway. SKI also facilitates cell-cycle progression by targeting the RB pathway by at least two ways: it directly associates with RB and represses its activity when expressed at high levels, and indirectly, it represses Smad-mediated induction of p21(Waf-1) This results in increased CDK2 activity, RB phosphorylation,and inactivation. Therefore, high levels of SKI result in lesions to the RB pathway in a manner similar to p16 (INK4a) loss. SKI mRNA and protein levels dramatically increase during human melanoma tumor progression. In addition,the SKI protein shifts from nuclear localization in intraepidermal melanoma cells to nuclear and cytoplasmic in invasive and metastatic melanomas. Here, I discuss the basis for repression of intracellular TGF-beta signaling by SKI, some additional activities of this protein, and propose that by disrupting multiple tumor suppressor pathways, SKI functions as a melanoma oncogene.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.