ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2003
Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in breast milk.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00310726 (Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human milk oligosaccharide concentration and risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- Early weaning increases diarrhea morbidity and mortality among uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Zambia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- Effect of vitamin supplements on HIV shedding in breast milk.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2010Trial
- Temporal reduction of HIV type 1 viral load in breast milk by single-dose nevirapine during prevention of MTCT.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2009Trial
- Differential effects of early weaning for HIV-free survival of children born to HIV-infected mothers by severity of maternal disease.PloS one · 2009Trial
- Effects of early, abrupt weaning on HIV-free survival of children in Zambia.The New England journal of medicine · 2008Trial
- Temporal and lateral dynamics of HIV shedding and elevated sodium in breast milk among HIV-positive mothers during the first 4 months of breast-feeding.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2008Trial
- Post-weaning breast milk HIV-1 viral load, blood prolactin levels and breast milk volume.AIDS (London, England) · 2006Trial
- Best Practices for Human Milk Collection for COVID-19 Research.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2021Review
- A Method for Targeted 16S Sequencing of Human Milk Samples.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- Instability of 8E5 calibration standard revealed by digital PCR risks inaccurate quantification of HIV DNA in clinical samples by qPCR.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- HIV-1 concentrations in human breast milk before and after weaning.Science translational medicine · 2013Article
- Dynamics of breast milk HIV-1 RNA with unilateral mastitis or abscess.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) HIV-1 and postnatal transmission through breastfeeding.PloS one · 2012Article
- Cumulative exposure to cell-free HIV in breast milk, rather than feeding pattern per se, identifies postnatally infected infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2011Article
- Multiple independent lineages of HIV-1 persist in breast milk and plasma.AIDS (London, England) · 2011Article
- Article
- Hiv-specific secretory IgA in breast milk of HIV-positive mothers is not associated with protection against HIV transmission among breast-fed infants.The Journal of pediatrics · 2006Article
- Ultrasensitive monitoring of HIV-1 viral load by a low-cost real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay with internal control for the 5' long terminal repeat domain.Clinical chemistry · 2006Article
- Impact of chloroquine on viral load in breast milk.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The distribution and stability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in breast milk (BM) components remain largely unknown. Inhibitory effects, if any, of BM on HIV RNA and DNA PCR amplification are poorly understood. We have addressed these issues by using virus-spiked BM samples from HIV-negative women. BM samples from HIV-negative women were spiked with HIV-1 virions or cells containing a single integrated copy of HIV DNA (8E5/LAV). After incubation under different experimental conditions, viral RNA was detected by the Roche Amplicor UltraSensitive assay in whole-milk, skim milk, and lipid fractions. We found excellent correlation between HIV-1 input copy and recovery in whole milk (r = 0.965, P < 0.0001), skim milk (r = 0.972, P < 0.0001), and the lipid fraction (r = 0.905, P < 0.001). PCR inhibition was observed in less than 10% of the spiked samples. Similar levels of inhibition were noted in BM samples collected from HIV-infected women. HIV proviral DNA was detected in BM samples using real-time PCR (linear correlation between the threshold cycle versus log DNA copy number, >0.982). The effects of incubation duration and temperature and repeated freeze-thaw cycles on HIV RNA recovery were analyzed. HIV RNA levels were remarkably stable in whole milk after three freeze-thaw cycles and for up to 30 h at room temperature. Our findings improve the understanding of the dynamics of HIV detection in BM and the conditions for BM sample collection, storage, and processing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.