ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2003
Giardia cysts in wastewater treatment plants in Italy.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Molecular Identification of ProtozoanLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Effect of Wastewater Treatment on Bacterial Community, Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Endoparasites.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology-surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- A large outbreak of giardiasis in a municipality of the Bologna province, north-eastern Italy, November 2018 to April 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- Socio-demographic influences on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among workers in Qatar.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Comparison of pathogen-derived 'total risk' with indicator-based correlations for recreational (swimming) exposure.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Protozoan Parasites in Drinking Water: A System Approach for Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Developing Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- Subtype analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from municipal and domestic raw wastewaters in Iran.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Assessment and Molecular Characterization of Human Intestinal Parasites in Bivalves from Orchard Beach, NY, USA.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Detection of parasitic particles in domestic and urban wastewaters and assessment of removal efficiency of treatment plants in Tehran, Iran.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2015Article
- Quantification of viable Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in wastewater using propidium monoazide quantitative real-time PCR.Parasitology research · 2014Article
- Assessment of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. as a microbial source tracking tool for surface water: application in a mixed-use watershed.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Impact of treated wastewater irrigation on antibiotic resistance in the soil microbiome.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2013Review
- Infectivity of Giardia duodenalis Cysts from UV Light-Disinfected Wastewater Effluent Using a Nude BALB/c Mouse Model.ISRN parasitology · 2013Article
- Evaluation of a PCR protocol for sensitive detection of Giardia intestinalis in human faeces.Parasitology research · 2012Article
- Molecular identification and distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis in raw urban wastewater in Harbin, China.Parasitology research · 2011Article
- Municipal wastewater treatment plants as removal systems and environmental sources of human-virulent microsporidian spores.Parasitology research · 2011Article
- Rapid detection and enumeration of Giardia lamblia cysts in water samples by immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometric analysis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reductions in annual rainfall in some regions and increased human consumption have caused a shortage of water resources at the global level. The recycling of treated wastewaters has been suggested for certain domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. The importance of microbiological and parasitological criteria for recycled water has been repeatedly emphasized. Among water-borne pathogens, protozoa of the genera Giardia and Cryptosporidium are known to be highly resistant to water treatment procedures and to cause outbreaks through contaminated raw or treated water. We conducted an investigation in four wastewater treatment plants in Italy by sampling wastewater at each stage of the treatment process over the course of 1 year. The presence of the parasites was assessed by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. While Cryptosporidium oocysts were rarely observed, Giardia cysts were detected in all samples throughout the year, with peaks observed in autumn and winter. The overall removal efficiency of cysts in the treatment plants ranged from 87.0 to 98.4%. The removal efficiency in the number of cysts was significantly higher when the secondary treatment consisted of active oxidation with O(2) and sedimentation instead of activated sludge and sedimentation (94.5% versus 72.1 to 88.0%; P = 0.05, analysis of variance). To characterize the cysts at the molecular level, the beta-giardin gene was PCR amplified, and the products were sequenced or analyzed by restriction. Cysts were typed as assemblage A or B, both of which are human pathogens, stressing the potential risk associated with the reuse of wastewater.
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