ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2003
Vaccine immunity to pathogenic fungi overcomes the requirement for CD4 help in exogenous antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells: implications for vaccine development in immune-deficient hosts.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- 17DD and 17D-213/77 yellow fever substrains trigger a balanced cytokine profile in primary vaccinated children.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Natural Killer Cell Granule Protein (NKG7) promotes the development of vaccine-induced anti-fungal Th1 cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cell Granule Protein (NKG7) promotes the development of vaccine-induced anti-fungal Th1 cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Fungal immunization potentiates CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunity to fungi and vaccine considerations.Cell host & microbe · 2024Review
- Article
- Immunoinformatic-guided designing and evaluating protein and mRNA-based vaccines against Cryptococcus neoformans for immunocompromised patients.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Fungal Vaccine Development: State of the Art and Perspectives Using Immunoinformatics.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Comparative Genomics ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Application of anti-fungal vaccines as a tool against emerging anti-fungal resistance.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2023Review
- GM-CSFCell reports · 2022Article
- T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Combination Adjuvants Enhance Recombinant Protein Vaccine Protection against Fungal Infection.mBio · 2021Article
- Vaccine-Induced Immunological Memory in Invasive Fungal Infections - A Dream so Close yet so Far.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The mycobiota of the human body: a spark can start a prairie fire.Gut microbes · 2020Review
- Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Effects ofPeerJ · 2019Article
- The Rise ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections with primary and opportunistic pathogens have become increasingly common and represent a growing health menace in patients with AIDS and other immune deficiencies. T lymphocyte immunity, in particular the CD4+ Th 1 cells, is considered the main defense against these pathogens, and their absence is associated with increased susceptibility. It would seem illogical then to propose vaccinating these vulnerable patients against fungal infections. We report here that CD4+ T cells are dispensable for vaccine-induced resistance against experimental fungal pulmonary infections with two agents, Blastomyces dermatitidis an extracellular pathogen, and Histoplasma capsulatum a facultative intracellular pathogen. In the absence of T helper cells, exogenous fungal antigens activated memory CD8+ cells in a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted manner and CD8+ T cell-derived cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated durable vaccine immunity. CD8+ T cells could also rely on alternate mechanisms for robust vaccine immunity, in the absence of some of these factors. Our results demonstrate an unexpected plasticity of immunity in compromised hosts at both the cellular and molecular level and point to the feasibility of developing vaccines against invasive fungal infections in patients with severe immune deficiencies, including those with few or no CD4+ T cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.