ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2003
Cervical screening and health inequality in England in the 1990s.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multi-cancer early detection tests for general population screening: a systematic literature review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Non-participation in population-based disease prevention programs in general practice.BMC public health · 2012Pooled it
- Recommendations for a Communication Strategy to Support Informed Decision-Making About Self or Clinician Sampling for Cervical Screening in the UK: Qualitative Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Factors associated with cervical screening coverage: a longitudinal analysis of English general practices from 2013 to 2022.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Young women's autonomy and information needs in the schools-based HPV vaccination programme: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Blood pressure and cholesterol level checks as dynamic interrelated screening examinations.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Women's perspectives on human papillomavirus self-sampling in the context of the UK cervical screening programme.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2017Article
- Incentivised chronic disease management and the inverse equity hypothesis: findings from a longitudinal analysis of Scottish primary care practice-level data.BMC medicine · 2017Article
- Geographical Disparities in the Health of Iranian Women: Health Outcomes, Behaviors, and Health-care Access Indicators.International journal of preventive medicine · 2017Article
- Barriers and facilitators to uptake of the school-based HPV vaccination programme in an ethnically diverse group of young women.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
- Can pay for performance improve the quality of primary care?BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2016Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in breast and cervical screening coverage in England: are we closing the gap?Journal of medical screening · 2016Article
- Article
- Assessment of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening services in Korea, 1998-2012.International journal for equity in health · 2016Article
- Breast and cervical cancer screening in Great Britain: Dynamic interrelated processes.Health economics review · 2015Article
- How Financial and Reputational Incentives Can Be Used to Improve Medical Care.Health services research · 2015Article
- Observational
- Colposcopy attendance and deprivation: A retrospective analysis of 27,193 women in the NHS Cervical Screening Programme.British journal of cancer · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectives: To examine changing inequality in the coverage of cervical screening and its relation to organisational aspects of primary care and to inequality in cervical cancer incidence and mortality.
designRetrospective time trends analysis (1991-2001) of screening coverage and cervical cancer incidence and mortality in England.
settingThe 99 district health authorities in England, as defined by 1999 boundaries were used to create a time series of incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer per 100 000 population. A subset of 60 district health authorities were used to construct a time series of screening coverage data and GP and practice characteristics. Health authorities were categorised into one of three "deprivation" groups using the Townsend Deprivation Index.
participantsWomen aged <35 and 35-64 were selected from health authority populations as the main focus of the study.
resultsCervical cancer screening coverage was consistently higher in affluent areas from 1991-9 but ratio rates of inequality between affluent and deprived health authorities narrowed over time. The increase in coverage in deprived areas was most closely associated with an increase in the number of practice nurses. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates were consistently higher in deprived health authorities, but inequality decreased. Screening coverage and cervical cancer rates were highly negatively correlated in deprived health authorities.
conclusionA primary health care intervention such as an organised programme of cervical screening can contribute to reducing inequality in population health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.